Cultural Responsiveness

Cultural Responsiveness Continuum

• Cultural Destructiveness → Forced assimilation, subjugation, rights + privileges for dominant group only

• Cultural Incapacity → Racism, maintaining stereotypes, unfair hiring practices

• Cultural Blindness → Differences ignored, ‘treat everyone the same’, only meet needs of dominant group

• Cultural Pre-Competence → Explore cultural issues, are committed, assess needs of organization + individuals

• Cultural Competence → Recognize individual + cultural difference, seek advice from diverse groups, hire culturally unbiased staff

• Cultural Proficiency → Implement changes to improve services based upon cultural needs of organizations + individuals

• Cultural Sustaining → Centers on sustaining + explicitly supporting cultural ways of being of marginalized groups, rather than eradicating them

Social Model versus Medical Model

• Social Model

  • Disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference

  • It looks at the ways of removing barriers that restricts lifes choices for disabled people. When barriers are removed, people with disabilities can be independent + equal in society, with choice + control over their own lives

  • Society creates barriers for people with disabilities

    • Solution = Fix society

• Medical Model

  • The medical model of disability views ‘impairments’ + differences as things that should be fixed/modified by medial treatments and interventions

  • The study of disease + what is ‘wrong’

  • Impairment is within a person + is the barrier against full participation

    • Solution = Fix the person

Ableism

A system of exploitation, oppression + exclusion aimed at other people with disabilities

• Types of Ableism: Institutional, Interpersonal, + Internalized

  • Institutional Ableism: refers to the implicit or explicit rules + regulations within an organization that discriminates against a group of people

    • Examples: physical access, pay disparity, hiring practices, healthcare priority

  • Interpersonal Ableism: occurs in everyday social interactions + relationships due to harmful messaging + misinformation about disabled people + disabilities

    • Examples: parents/ caregivers, appearance, consideration of facilities when making social plans

  • Internalized Ableism: when a person consciously or subconsciously believes the biased, negative, + harmful messages from other sources

    • Examples: Imposter syndrome, burden/shame, concealing/masking

Privilege

The rights, benefits, + opportunities that are awarded to an individual or individuals that creates advantages relative to (often at the expense of) other individuals

Assimilation

The process by which a minoritized group integrates socially, culturally, +/or politically into a larger, dominant culture + society

Intersectionality

SDOH

SDOL

Cultural Tree (what does each layer represent?)

Types of implicit bias and examples

• Confirmation Bias

  • The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories

  • Example: Misdiagnosing a client by deciding too early on their diagnosis

• Contrast Effect Bias

  • The tendency to judge two things together rather than separately when they are presented closely in time

  • Examples: Determining severity of needs, Supervision: feedback may be impacted if a previous student was strong or weak

• Affinity Bias

  • Gravitate toward people who are like us. Possibly reject or hold at a distance those who are different from us.

  • Example: ethnic bias assessment/ treatment, judgement of family practices, supervisory relationships

• Halo/Horns Effect

  • Focus on one positive or negative component over the whole picture, oftentimes extending that perception (positive or negative) to other areas

  • Examples: Might over or underestimate your clients’ real abilities based on specific personal traits

• Linguistic Bias (Linguicism)

  • Discrimination based on the language a person or a group of people speak

  • Examples: Hierarchies of langauge variations of English, accents/dialects across the world, SLP Testing Bias (in materials + preparation)

Be able to describe shifitng US demographics vs ASHA demographics

Healthy Equity Elements and Solutions

Microagressions

• Microaggression → Occurs when it is between individuals

  • e.g, a harmful comment made by a colleague

• Macroaggression → Refers to larger systems, social structures and policies

  • e.g., gender pay gap, lack of paid family leave, racially-based rhetoric during pandemic

• Stereotypes

  • -

• Implicit Bias

  • -

• Overt Racism

  • -

Inequality

Unequal access to opportunities

Equality

Evenly distributed tools + assistance

Equity

Custom tools that identify + address inequality

Justice

Fixing the system to offer equal access to both tools + opportunities