All labs 1-6 ap2

What is A

lateral canthus

what is B

eye lashes

what is C

palpebrae

What is D

palpebrae fissure

What is E

medial canthus

What is F

lacrimal caruncle

What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

opens the eye

What actions are performed by the inferior oblique eye muscle?

eye rolls, looks superiorly and laterally

What actions are performed by the superior oblique eye muscle?

eye rolls, looks inferiorly and laterally

Which two bactericidal proteins are produced by tears?

 lysozyme and IgA

What action is performed when the palpebrae are opened then closed in succession?

blinking

What eye structure is a non-vascularized, transparent, fibrous covering of the middle eye's outer surface which protects the eye and acts as an initial lens for focusing light into the eye?

cornea

What eye structure is the central opening that allows differing amounts of light into the eye depending upon its size?

pupil

Which muscles control enlarging pupil size in response to lower light levels? 

 pupillary dilator muscles

Which muscles control decreasing pupil size in response to brighter light levels? 

 pupillary constrictor muscles

Which pupillary reflex is assessed when light is shined into the eye to see how the pupil responds?

 direct response

Which pupillary reflex assesses how the eye not being tested responds to differing amounts of light shined into the eye being tested?

 consensual response

True or False? A normal pupillary reflex direct response to light shined into the eye is pupil dilation and pupil constriction occurs when light is stopped from shining into the eye.

false

What structures comprise the fibrous layer of the eye?

 sclera and cornea

Which eye layer contains the iris, choroid, and ciliary body?

 vascular layer

Which eye layer is the most deep?

 

retinal layer

what is A

medial rectus

what is B

optic disc

what is C

optic nerve

what is D

sclera

what is E

choroid

what is F

retina

what is G

posterior cavity

what is H

lateral rectus

what is I

fovea centralis

what is J

central artery vien

what is A

amacrine cell

what is B

horizontal cell

what is C

cone

what is D

rod

what is E

pigmented layer of the retina

what is F

bipolar cell

what is G

ganglion cell

What area within the macula contains the highest concentration of cones?

 

fovea centralis

Name the area where the optic nerve originates. 

 optic disc

In addition to vitreous humor, what is vitreous body composed of?

 collagen fibers and proteoglycans

Where would you find vitreous body?

 posterior cavity of the eye

Where would you find aqueous humor?

 

anterior cavity of the eye

How do you check for pupillary accommodation?

put an object (penlight or finger) in front of the patient and slowly move it toward the patients face

Describe how an abnormal direct pupillary response appears when the light is shined into the eye.

absence or lesser constriction of pupil

Describe how to detect the consensual response of the pupils.

shine light in one eye and then see if the other eye responds the same way

Describe how to detect the direct response of the pupil.

 shine light into one eye to see how that pupil responds

Name the photoreceptor cells.

 rods and cones

Name three types of cones.

 blue, green, and red

Light information is transmitted from photoreceptors to ____________.

 bipolar cells

Axons of which cells make up the optic nerve?

 ganglion cells

Which photoreceptors are mainly used in low light conditions?

rods

ID highlighted region

optic nerve

ID highlighted region

sclera

ID highlighted region

cornea

ID highlighted region

iris

ID highlighted region

pupil

ID highlighted region

ciliary body

ID highlighted region

lens

ID highlighted region

vitreous body

ID highlighted region

retina

ID highlighted region

optic disk

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

TSH

Luteinizing Hormone

LH

anti-diuretic hormone

ADH

thyroxine

T4

melanocyte stimulating hormone

MSH

Triiodothyronine

T3

Oxytocin

OXT

Calcitonin

CT

Parathyroid hormone

PTH

Follicle-stimulating hormone

FSH

Growth hormone

GH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH

erythropoietin

EPO

prolactin

PRL

atrial natriuretic peptide

ANP

epinephrine

E

brain natriuretic peptide

BNP

norepinephrine

NE

ACTH

A

LH

F

FSH

E

TSH

B

ADH

I

OXT

H

GH

C

inhibin (male)

E

somatomedins

B

inhibin (femal)

G

glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone)

C

estrogen

F

testosterone

H

E, NE

A

T3, T4

D

The hormone ADH is produced by the ________ and is released from the ________.

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

TSH is produced by the ____________, and ACTH is produced by the ____________.

anterior pituitary/anterior pituitary

The hormone ADH affects the target organ, the ___________, while the hormone ACTH affects the target organ, the _________.

kidney; adrenal cortex

The hypothalamus regulates the release of anterior pituitary hormones by releasing certain _________ and __________ hormones.

 Inhibiting; releasing

When autonomic centers in the hypothalamus are stimulated by the sympathetic division of the ANS, it directly signals the ____________ to produce epinephrine and norepinephrine.

 adrenal medulla