Bio Exam
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21 Terms
What is mutualism?
When two species benefit each other.
What is commensalism?
When one species benefits from another without harming or helping them.
parasitism
When one species benefits while harming the other.
competition
When two species interact and one species' needs are lowered by the other.
R-selected reproductive strategies
Short lifespan, smaller organisms that give birth to many offspring and rapidly decline over time.
Give an example of R-selected species.
Frogs and jellyfish.
K-selected reproductive strategies
Long lifespan, larger organisms that have fewer offspring and raise them for longer periods.
K-selected species
Elephants and humans.
What occurs during Meiosis I?
Formation of animal, plant, and fungal cells, ending with half the chromosomes.
What occurs during Meiosis II?
Chromosomes are not paired, ending with four separate nuclei and haploid cells.
True or False: Life has always existed on the Galapagos Islands.
False.
What is the relatedness of Galapagos finches to mainland finches?
Galapagos finches are related to one another due to a common ancestor, the mainland finch.
What weather event caused a major shift in the Finch population in 1977?
An 18-month drought caused over 80% of medium finches to die.
What impact did the 1983 El Nino storm have on the Galapagos Islands?
It brought 10 times more rain than average, leading to vegetation recovery.
How is the term species defined?
Species are populations whose members don't interbreed.
What are the methods of seed dispersal?
Wind, water, and animals.
How do seeds disperse by wind?
Seeds flow with the breeze, like dandelion seeds.
How do seeds disperse by water?
Aquatic plants produce seeds that float downstream.
How do animals help in seed dispersal?
Fruits are consumed, and seeds are tossed away or carried on fur.
What is the most efficient method of seed dispersal according to the note?
Seed dispersal by wind.
What are the shapes of bacteria?
Rod-shaped (bacillus), circular (coccus), and spiral (spirillum).