APUSH UNIT 2 (1607-1754)

Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Founded the colony of Maryland to protect Catholics being persecuted in England with 1649 Act of Toleration.

Act of Toleration

Allowed various religious groups to live in a colony.

Roger Williams

Religious Puritan founder of Providence Rhode Island after being banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Found Providence on principle of religious tolerance and the separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

She was a Puritan spiritual leader that defied orthodox puritan male authority.

Antinomianism

Belief that Christian’s are not bound by moral law since faith is good enough to get them to heaven.

Halfway Covenant (1662)

New England law that made it so the children of unconverted but baptized people have the ability to be baptized but stay disenfranchised.

Quakers

17th century Protestant sect known for pacifism, the “Inner Light“ doctrine, and social equality.

William Penn

He was the leader of the Quakers that established Pennsylvania (1681) as haven of religious tolerance, democratic self-governance, and had peaceful interactions with the native americans. These aspects made it very diverse.

Holy Experiment

The establishment of Pennsylvania by Quakers led by William Penn with the tenets of tolerance, democracy, and pacifism

Charter of Liberties (1701)

The Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges (also term) was signed by William Penn and established a unicameral assembly, strengthened religious freedom and reduced the governor’s power. This document acted as Pennsylvania’s constitution until the American Revolution and influenced the Constitution

Rice plantations

18th century plantation that were profitable in the Southern colonies of Carolinas and Georgia that were intensive agriculture worked by enslaved Africans that used irrigation systems built by West Africans on the “Rice Coast”

Tobacco farms

The first major cash crop of American colonies introduced by John Rolfe (1612) and very successful in Virginia. This drove the Chesapeake economy and fueled the demand for indentured servitude and enslaved people. A class system was also created by the wealth gained from these plantations

John Cabot

An Italian navigator hired by England’s King Henry VII to explore the North East coast of North America in 1497 and set up the first English claims to North America

Jamestown

This was the first permanent English colony in North America established by the Virginia Company. Starvation was common until John Rolfe introduced Tobacco (1612) and established the House of Burgesses (1619), creating a plantation-based economy reliant on indentured servitude, and later slavery

Captain John Smith

This was a prominent leader of the Jamestown colony from 1697 to 1609 that enforced the “no work, no food” policy. He also mapped the Chesapeake Bay and established relationships with the Powhatan Confederacy while promoting New England’s colonization.

John Rolfe

He was a pivotal English settler in Jamestown who saved the Virginia colony by introducing Tobacco as a cash crop, creating a plantation-based economy in 1612. This led to higher demand for land and labor

Pocahontas

She was the daughter of the chief Powhatan and an intermediary between native americans and Jamestown. Her marriage to John Rolfe (1614) helped end the first Anglo-Powhatan War.

Puritans

These were 17th century English Protestants that sought to purify the church of England of catholic practices. They settled in New England (Massachusetts Bay) during the Great Migration (1630-1640) and established a strict, community-focused society that believed in predestination

Separatists

These were radical 16th-17th century English Protestants who believed the Church of England was too corrupt to reform so they advocated total separation and established independent congregations. These people were usually pilgrims

Pilgrims

17th-century English Puritan seperatists who established Plymouth Colony in 1620 while seeking religious freedom

Mayflower

Plymouth Colony

John Winthrop

Great Migration

Virginia

Thomas Hooker

John Davenport

Connecticut

New Hampshire

The Carolinas

New York

New Jersey

Pennyslvania

Delaware

Georgia

James Oglethorpe

Wampanoags

Metacom

King Philip’s war

Mayflower Compact

Virginia House of Burgess

Sir William Berkeley

Bacon’s rebellion

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

New England Confederation

Frame of Government

Corporate Colonies

Royal Colonies

Propriety Colonies

Chesapeake Colonies

Joint-stock Company

Virginia Company

Mercantilism

Navigation Acts

Dominion of New England

Sir Edmund Andros

Glorious Revolution

Indentured Servants

Headright System

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage