226 prostate gland, anus and rectum

anal canal

the outlet of the GI tract. Under voluntary control- how feces exit the body.

rectum

distal part of the large intestine. has the valves of houston and stores feces until elimination

Meconium

first poop for infants within 1-2 days of living. it is dark green.indicates anal patency

BPH

benign prostatic hypertrophy- present in 80% of males 60 and up. PSA prostate specific antigen.

Prostate growth- doubles twice the size in male tweens puberty. maintains constant size throughout adulthood. then enlarges with increase in age.

fistula

a tunnel formed between the rectum and vagina that allows gas or stool to escape through vagina. not good.

who is most at risk for prostate cancer?

african american and carribean men. maybe cause of inheritated mutated gene. more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages. screenings are important to prevent that. mortality rates are 2xs higher for black men.

at risk for colorectal cancer? (CRC)

they have genetic variation. 40% mortality rate in african american men than in whites. family history is associated with this. screening and treatment differences that occur along these racial lines affect it.

poop color spectrum

brown- normal poop color

black- see DR. abnormal. could be bleeding in upper GI tract

yellow- see DR. could be greasy and indicate problem digesting fats.

green- could be result of eating high amount of green veggies

red- see DR IMMEDIATELY. if you did not have a dietary cause(ex; beets, red dyed food) could be blood!!!

white clay- see DR. could be gall bladded issue→ blockage in the bile duct

rectal bleeding

quantity of the blood present, color of the blood, odor of the stool/blood, onset, how long does it go on for, how often does it happen?

rectal exam positions

• sims position

• lithotomy- with foot pedals

• standing- bent over table

clean and reposition when done

examining stool

occult blood- tells us if there is an upper GI problem.

if stool hematest is positive, it indicates an occult blood. Stool examination methods used to detect hidden blood.

health promotion teaching

always get screenings!!!

• PSA- effective early screening test for BPH

• Colorectal Cancer- screening starts at 50, pushing for 45 with reccomended colonoscopy.

  • 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in US. precancerous polyps.

  • if colon cancer is in ur family, screen earlier.

• Sigmoidoscopy-

• HPV vaccine- men under 26 yrs.

• fecal occult blood test (FOBT)- blood in feces

• fecal immunochemical test(FIT)- used without diet or medication aspect of the older guiac test. liquid version that stores stool in hemoglobin stabilizing buffer or on the manually analyzed dry-glass slides

pilonidal cyst

ingrown hair in sensitive area. needs incision and drainage to med facisility to remove.

fissure

deep tear in soft tissue. longitudal tear in the superficial mucosa.

hemmorrhoids

strain, pushes blood vessel out. when you strain or wipe, they bleed.itches and bleeds with defecation. painless flabby skin around orifice.

pruritus ani

intense itching and burning in the perineum. can be caused by many irritants.

soaps, restrictive clothing, fecal soiling,

anal prolapse

inside → out. can be partial or complete.rectal mucous membrane protrudes through anus. appears as a red moist donut.

you would need to surgically repair. The connective tissue that holds it in place comes out. the weakening of muscle from straining or pressing.

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

fecal impaction

stool is difficult and hard to pass. it will not come out. a complete colon blockage by hard dessicated and immovable stool.

carcinoma

malignant neoplasm in the colon or rectum that is asymptomatic. routine colonoscopy and FIT is crucial.

main things to know?

screening is very important and done more than examination.

what cultures are impacted the most by these

classic signs

what PSA is and does

dietary measures

what it looks like.

know what to ask and test if they do show up positive for something.

hemmorrhoids, prolapse, and fissures.