Dynamics - Momentum and Newton's Laws

These flashcards cover key concepts in dynamics related to momentum, Newton's laws of motion, force, mass, and weight.

What is the formula for calculating force according to Newton's second law of motion?

F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

Define momentum.

Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity.

What does the principle of conservation of momentum state?

The total momentum of a system remains constant before and after an interaction, provided no external forces act on it.

How is weight defined in relation to mass?

Weight is defined as the gravitational pull on an object, calculated as the product of mass (m) and the acceleration due to gravity (g).

Differentiate between mass and weight.

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object (scalar quantity), while weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass (vector quantity) directed towards the center of the Earth.

What happens to the velocity of an object when it reaches terminal velocity?

At terminal velocity, the object stops accelerating and moves at a constant velocity due to the balance between gravitational force and resistive forces.

State the three laws of motion by Newton.

1. An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant force. 2. The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force. 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is meant by elastic collision?

An elastic collision is a collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

What is an inelastic collision?

An inelastic collision is a collision in which momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not conserved.

How does friction affect motion and terminal velocity?

Friction opposes motion and can cause an object to reach terminal velocity, where the force of gravity is balanced by the frictional force.

Define impulse in terms of momentum.

Impulse is defined as the change in momentum and can be calculated as the product of force and the time duration over which it acts.

Using impulse-momentum theorem, what is the relationship between impulse and change in momentum?

Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object.

Why is mass considered a measure of inertia?

Mass quantifies the amount of matter in an object, and inertia is the resistance of any object to changes in its state of motion.

How does Newton's second law connect force, mass, and acceleration?

According to Newton's second law, force is the product of mass and acceleration, indicating that for a constant mass, a greater force results in a greater acceleration.