Peds quiz 1

What is family-centered care?

Family-centered service recognizes that **each family is unique**, that **the family is the constant in the child’s life**, and that **they are the experts** on the child’s abilities and needs.

Factors That influence family-centered intervention

* Family structure
* Family function
* Family life cycle
* Family culture
* Family stress, resources, protective factors & adaptation
* Service factors

What is Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)?

It is a federal law that regulates the implementation of an Early Intervention (EI) system.

Goals of Family-centered care:

* Enhance the health, development, and functional independence of the child through a partnership with the family and child.


* Promote quality of life for the family and child

What is the early intervention system?

Provides services for children from birth until their 3rd birthday who have or are at risk for developmental delays or disabilities and their families.

\-Services are provided year-round (12mos/year)

Early intervention Steps: (1) Referral

* Referral source or parent suspects child of having developmental delay or disability
* Family informed of benefits of Early Intervention Program (EIP)
* Child referred to Early Intervention Official (EIO) within 2 days of identification


* EIO assigns initial service coordinator

Early intervention Steps: (2) Initial Service Coordinator

* Provides information about EIP
* Informs family of rights
* Reviews list of evaluators
* Obtains insurance/Medicaid information
* Obtains other relevant information

Early intervention Steps: (3) Evaluation

* Determine eligibility
* Family assessment optional
* Gather information for Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
* Summary and report submitted prior to IFSP

Early intervention Steps: (4) The IFSP Meeting

* Family identifuies the desired outcomes
* Develop written plan
* Family and EIO agree to IFSP
* Identify ongoing service coordinator
* Early interventions services identified

Early intervention Steps: (5) IFSP Review Six Months Evaluate Annually

* Decision is made to continue add, modify, or delete outcomes, strategies and/or services.
* If parent requests, may review sooner.

Early intervention Steps: (6) Transition

Plan for transition included in IFSP

\-Transition to section 4410 or other services.

Initial Eligibility Guidelines

1. Qualifying Medical Diagnosis
2. The child has an established developmental delay from a multidisciplinary evaluation that meets one of the following guidelines


1. A sever delay of >2.0 standard deviations below the mean in one functional area
2. Moderate delay of at least > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean in at least two functional areas

What are the five developmental domains to establish eligibility?

1. Physical Development: Gross and fine motor skills, growth, overall health
2. Cognitive Development: Thinking and learning
3. Communication Development: expressive and receptive communication = 1 area
4. Social-emotional Development: interacting with others
5. Adaptive development: self-help skills such as feeding and dressing

What is the Individualized Family Service Plan?

Paperwork that outlines services

* Legal document identifying the services necessary to meet the needs of the infant/toddler and family based on the resources, priorities, and concerns of the team.
* Contains frequency, duration and intensity of services.

Describe natural environment.

Settings and activities standard for a child’s same-age peers in their community who have no disabilities or developmental delays.

\-Places they would be if they did not have a disability.

What needs to happen to continue EI services? (Ongoing Eligibility Criteria)

* Delay consistent with initial eligibility criteria
* Delay in one or more domains as documented by observations, assessments, and informed clinical opinion. (professional judgement)
* 1.0 SD or greater below the mean in one or more developmental domains.
* Continued Prescence of condition.

What is Developmental Monitoring?

For children who do not meet the criteria.

* Child’s development is monitored.
* Questionaire mailed to parents.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973\~ Section 504

Ensures equity to access to public education and services by removing barriers

* Anti-discrimination statute to ensure that agencies that receive federal funding (which schools do) treat individuals with disabilities fairly
* Guides the provision of reasonable accommodations and related services in school settings for those who don’t need special education services

IEP or 504? Does the impairment have an adverse effect on education performance?

If yes, then an IEP is appropriate.

Does the student have an impairment that affects a major life function?

If yes, then 504 plan is utilized. If no, then medical PT services are utilized.

What do Medical and Educationg PT services have in common?

* Help children accomplish functional goals which address impairments as they relate to mobility and participation
* Collaborate with the family and other members of the team to educate, set goaks, and monitor progress
* Monitor progress through measures

Medical Model of Service Background

Referral initiated by MD based on diagnosis or delay

Referral to hospital, rehab center, outpatient, or home care for evaluation

Need for services is determined by clinical judgement and objective testing

Therapy may address impairments.

Parent is responsible for payment.

Describe IDEA part B

All children 3-21 years of age are entitled to a “free appropriate public education (FAPE), that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment and independent living.

* Preschool: CPSE (3-5 yrs)
* School: CSE (5-21)

What are the key concepts of FAPE?

F: Special Education services are provided at no additional cost to families

A: A child with a disability is entitled to an appropriate education based on need and stated in IEP

P: Children with disabilities, regardless of the severity, are entitiled to be educated in th epublic school system

E: Receive education to prepare for more education, employment, or independent living.

**Individualized Education Plan (IEP)**

*Collaborative written plan for providing special education and related services for a child with a disability* 

* A legal document that documents services, supports, equipment, and goals for each child
* Plan for the ***entire school year***: September - June (***10 months***)
* The IEP team must include: parent(s), regular education teacher, special education teacher, and representative of the local educational agency 

**Lease Restrictive Environment (LRE)**

*Children with disabilities must be educated as much as possible with their non-disabled peers*

IDEA B: Zero Reject

No one who qualifies gets rejected

IDEA B: Right to due process

Parents have the right to sue if needs are not being met

IDEA B: Nondiscriminatory evaluation

Must be done in native language, or interpreter present

**Extended School Year (ESY)**

*6 week Summer program to* __**maintain**__ *skills gained during the school year*

* Documented substantial regression of skills needed to achieve IEP goal(s) over school breaks when not receiving therapy service
* __**Substantial Regression**__ **= Amount of time to regain lost skills is AT LEAST the length of the break** 
* **Must be related to the regression of goals on IEP**