chemistry

solutions

Mass % of a component

Mass of the component in the solution × 100 /Total mass of the solution

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Volume % of a component

Volume of the component ×100/ Total volume of the solution

Mass/volume % of a component

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥 100 /𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜n

Parts per million (ppm)

= Number of parts of the component × 10^6/ Total number of parts of all the components of the solution

Mole fraction of a component

=Number of moles of the component/ Total number of moles of solution

Xa+Xb=1,sum of the mole fractions never change

χ1 + χ2 + χ3 + .................. + χ𝑖 = 1

χA + χB =[ nA/ nA + nB] + [nB/ nA + nB]= 1

Molarity (M)

Number of moles of solute (n) /Volume of solution in litre (V)

. Molality (m)

Number of moles of solute/ Mass of solvent in kg