Industrial Revolution Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the Industrial Revolution, including economic, social, and reform aspects.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization and social change that began in the late 18th century, characterized by the growth of factories and mass production.

Agricultural Revolution

A significant increase in agricultural production due to advancements in farming techniques, leading to surplus production and population growth.

Urbanization

The process by which cities grow as populations shift from rural areas to urban centers, often due to industrialization.

Factors of production

The inputs used to produce goods and services, typically categorized into land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

Laissez-faire

An economic philosophy of minimal governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.

Aristocracy vs. middle class

The distinction between the wealthy upper class, who held societal power, and the emerging middle class, who gained economic influence as a result of industrialization.

Worker experiences

The daily lives and conditions endured by factory workers during the Industrial Revolution, often characterized by long hours, low pay, and hazardous conditions.

Spread of industrialization

The expansion of industrial practices and technologies beyond Britain to other parts of the world, significantly altering global economic structures.

Labor unions

Organizations formed by workers to advocate for better working conditions, fair wages, and labor rights.

Reform movements

Social and political campaigns aimed at improving labor laws and societal conditions during the Industrial Revolution.