A&P Chapter 11: Muscular System Test Review

Subscapularis

Muscle on the inside of the scapula (anterior); it does medial rotation

Supraspinatus

Muscle that is on top of the scapula; it does abduction (empty can test to test the muscle strength)

Infraspinatus

Muscle that is on the infraspinous fossa of the scapula (posterior); it does extension and adduction

Teres Minor

Muscle that is on the lateral side of the scapula (on the posterior); it does extension and adduction

Iliopsoas

The psoas major muscle and the iliacus joint together to create the iliopsoas; it does flexion and lateral rotation

Gluteus Maximus

Extension across the posterior pelvis

Gluteus Medius

Abduction across the lateral side of the ilium

Gluteus Minimus

Abduction across the external surface of the ilium

Tensor Fascia Lata

Flexion and abduction on the anterior portion of the iliac crest

Iliotibial Band

Long muscle that starts at the pelvis and ends at the knee; it does abduction, flexion, extension, lateral and external rotation

Breathing muscles

Diaphragm, intercostal muscles (external and internal)

Rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Gracilis

Flexes the thigh and extends the tibia and fibula

Rectus Femoris

Extends the tibia and fibula and flexes the thigh

Vastus Lateralis

Extension

Vastus Intermedius

Extension

Vastus Medialis

Extension

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh

Biceps Femoris

Extends and laterally rotates the thigh

Semitendinosus

Extends and medially rotates the thigh

Semimembranosus

Extends and medially rotates the thigh

Diaphragm

• Tented muscle

• When it contracts, it makes the muscle flatten, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. This makes the lungs expand because they are under less pressure. The pressure outside is still the same, which makes air rush in; this is called inspiration

• It also changes the pressure in the lower abdominal cavity by pushing it down. It is used for urinating, disposing of fecal matter, and for childbirth

Piriformis (lateral rotator)

Runs from the sacrum to the femur

Obturator Internus (lateral rotator)

Runs from the obturator foramen to the femur

Obturator Externus (lateral rotator)

Runs from the obturator foramen to the femur

Superior and Inferior Gemellus (lateral rotators)

“Twin muscles” but attachment points are slightly different; one sits higher on the ischium while the other sits lower

Quadratus Femoris

Runs from the ischial tuberosity to the femur

Abdominal Muscles

• External Obliques: lateral flexion and supination

• Internal Obliques: lateral flexion and supination

• Transverse Abdominis: flexion

• Quadratus Lumborum: lateral flexion

Intercostal Muscles

• They assist in breathing by changing the dimensions of the rib cage

• The superficial muscles raise the rib cage to expand it during inspiration

• The internal muscles are used for expiration because they draw the ribs together

• The innermost muscles are synergists to the internal intercostal muscles

Subclavius

Stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it

Pectoralis Minor

Rotates shoulder anteriorly (throwing) and assists with inhalation

Serratus Anterior

Moves arm from side of body to front of body and assists with inhalation

Pectoralis Major

Flexion, adduction and medial rotation

Trapezius

Elevates shoulders (shrugging), pulls shoulder blades together, tilts head backwards

Latissimus Dorsi

Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the humerus; depression of the scapula

Erector Spinae group

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Deltoid

Abduction, flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation

Rhomboid Major and Minor

Pull the shoulder blades together and rotate the scapula

Teres Major

Extension and abduction; located on the posterior side of the scapula

Coracobrachialis

Flexion and adduction; located on the coracoid process of the scapula

Biceps Brachii

Flexion and supination

Brachialis

Flexion

Brachioradialis

Flexion

Triceps Brachii

Extension

Aconeus

Extension and abduction

Pronator Teres

Pronation

Pronator Quadratus

Pronation

Supinator

Supination

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

• This muscle runs from the mastoid process all the way to the sternum and clavicle

• This muscle individually rotates head to opposite side, but bilaterally it causes flexion

Injured area on the elbow

• Tennis elbow: lateral epicondylitis; caused by forearm extensors

• Golfer’s elbow: medial epicondylitis; caused by forearm flexors and pronators

Muscles on the back

• Transversospinales

• Intertransversarii

• Interspinales

Tibialis Anterior

Muscle that causes shin splints; it does dorsiflexion and inversion

Jumping

• Gluteal muscles

• Hamstrings

• Gastrocnemius and Soleus

• Quadriceps