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Electromagnetic Waves

Continuous range of waves ordered by frequency or wavelength, produced by accelerating changes.

Frequency

Number of waves passing a point per unit time, measured in hertz.

Wavelength

Distance over which a wave's shape repeats.

Radiowaves

Longest electromagnetic waves with the largest wavelength and lowest frequency, used in wireless communication.

Microwaves

High-frequency waves mainly for communication, discovered by James Clerk Maxwell.

Infrared Waves

Used in short-range communication, discovered by William Herschel, felt as heat.

Visible Light

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum, discovered by Isaac Newton, helps in making objects visible.

UV Rays

Ultraviolet radiation with three types, discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter, major source is the sun.

X-ray

Discovered by Conrad Roentgen, used for imaging internal body parts.

Gamma Rays

Given off by radioactive elements, discovered by Paul Villard, with the smallest wavelength and highest frequency.

Optics

Branch of physics studying light behavior and interactions with matter.

Reflection

Change in wave direction when striking a different material, follows the law of reflection.

Spherical Mirrors

Concave and convex mirrors that form real or virtual images.

Refraction

Change in light direction passing through different optical density mediums.

Spherical Lenses

Glass pieces with spherical surfaces, concave for diverging and convex for converging.

Myopia

Nearsightedness corrected by a concave lens.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness corrected by a convex lens.

Optical Instruments

Devices like projectors, magnifiers, microscopes, telescopes, and cameras for visual purposes.