DRAFT Chemistry Chapter 8: Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

These will be the bold terms only - STOPPED AT PAGE 31

What are the four quantum numbers that each electron in any atom is completely described by

The first three quantum numbers (n,l, and m) describe the orbital, while the fourth quantum (m_s ) describes electron spin.

What principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers?

It is the pauli exclusion principle

An atomic orbital can hold….. and they must have….

They can hold a maximum of two electrons and must have opposing spins

Do electrons in the same or inner energy level shield each other to some extent?

Electrons in the same energy level

Do electrons in the same or inner energy level shield each other very effectively?

Electrons in the inner energy levels

Each energy level is split into sublevels of differing energy, how is this splitting caused by?

It is caused by by penetration and its effect on shielding

For a given n value, a lower l value indicates..

It indicates a lower energy sublevel

What is the order of sublevel energies?

s < p < d < f

What is electron configuration?

It is the distribution of electrons within the levels and sublevels of an atom.

What does the Aufbau principle specify?

It specifies that electrons are always placed in the lowest energy sublevel available

What does Hund’s rule specify?

It specifies that when orbitals of equal energy are available, the lowest energy electron configuration has the maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins

What diagram shows only the highest energy sublevels being filled?

It is a partial orbital diagram

What configuration has the has the element symbol of the previous noble gas in square brackets?

It is a condensed electron configuration

Which electrons are those an atom has in common with the previous noble gas and any completed transition series.

It is inner (core) electrons

What electrons are the those in the highest energy level (highest n value)

It is outer electrons

Which electrons are those involved in forming compounds?

It is valence electrons

What types of elements have the valence electrons as the outer electrons

It is the main group elements

What type of element have the valence electrons include the outer electrons and any (n − 1)d electrons

It is the transition elements

What is the metallic radius?

It is ½ of the shortest distance between nuclei of adjacent, individual atoms in a crystal of a metal

What is the covalent radius?

It is ½ of the shortest distance between nuclei of identical, covalently bonded atoms. Use for nonmetals.

As the atomic size increases, what happens to the principal quantum number (n)?

It increases

• As n increases, the probability that the outer electrons will be farther from the nucleus increases.

As the atomic size decreases, what happens to the effective nuclear charge