ABI 103 Final Flashcards

What is the amino acid category of Glycine?

Aliphatic/ nonpolar

What is the amino acid category of Alanine?

Aliphatic/ nonpolar

What is the amino acid category of Valine?

Branch chain

What is the amino acid category of Leucine?

Branch chain

What is the amino acid category of Isoleucine?

Branch chain

What is the amino acid category of Proline?

Aliphatic/ nonpolar

What is the amino acid category of Phenylalanine?

Aromatic

What is the amino acid category of Tyrosine?

Aromatic and Hydroxyl

What is the amino acid category of Tryptophan?

Aromatic

What is the amino acid category of Serine?

Hydroxyl

What is the amino acid category of Threonine?

Hydroxyl

What is the amino acid category of Cysteine?

Sulfur-containing

What is the amino acid category of Methionine?

Sulfur-containing

What is the amino acid category of Lysine?

Basic

What is the amino acid category of Arginine?

Basic

What is the amino acid category of Histidine?

Basic

What is the amino acid category of Aspartate?

Acidic

What is the amino acid category of Glutamate?

Acidic

What is the amino acid category for Asparagine?

Acidic

What is the amino acid category of Glutamine?

Acidic

Where does transamination of amino acids occur?

Liver cytosol

What enzyme is responsible for removal of amino groups from amino acids?

Transaminase/ amino transferase

What cofactor is required for transamination of amino acids?

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

What enzyme is responsible for removal of amino groups in oxidative deamination?

Glutamate dehydrogenase

What intermediate takes up the amino group from L-amino acids in transamination?

Alpha-ketoglutarate

Where does oxidative deamination occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

What enzyme is responsible for the release of urea in the urea cycle?

Arginase

What intermediate is added to Ornithine to produce Citrulline?

Carbomoyl phosphate

What intermediate is added to Citrulline to create Arginosuccinate?

Aspartate

What intermediate is released from the reaction of Arginosuccinase in the Urea Cycle?

Fumarate

Where does the carbon backbone of carbomoyl phosphate come from?

Bicarbonate

How many ATP does it take to move the Urea Cycle forward?

3 ATP

What is the catabolic fate of Aspartate?

Oxaloacetate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Asparagine?

Oxaloacetate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Glutamine?

Alpha-ketoglutarate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Proline?

Alpha-ketoglutarate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Arginine?

Alpha-ketoglutarate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Histidine?

Alpha-ketoglutarate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Alanine?

Pyruvate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Serine?

Pyruvate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Cysteine?

Pyruvate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Glycine?

Pyruvate (Glucogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Threonine?

Pyruvate (Glucogenic)

What enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to Alanine and vice versa?

Alanine aminotransferase

What is the catabolic fate of Phenylalanine?

Fumarate and Acetoacetate (Glucogenic and Ketogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Tyrosine?

Fumarate and Acetoacetate (Glucogenic and Ketogenic)

What is the catabolic fate of Methionine?

Succinyl-CoA (Glucogenic)

Which amino acid is responsible for one-carbon metabolism?

Methionine

Which intermediate acts as a methyl donor?

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)

What cofactor is needed to convert Homocysteine back to Methionine?

Vitamin B12

What amino acid is added to Homocysteine to form Cystathionine?

Serine

What is the catabolic fate of Lysine?

Acetyl-CoA (Ketogenic)

What amino acid does not require transamination in its first steps of catabolism?

Lysine

What is the catabolic fate of Tryptophan?

Alanine and Acetoacetyl-CoA (Glucogenic and Ketogenic)