I.H Preflight Preparations - Human Factors

What are the 4 kinds of hypoxia?

Hypoxia - Not enough Ox in the environment

Hypemic - Red blood cells are unable to deliver oxygen

Stagnant - Insability of oxygen to be delivered to tissues

Histostatic - Cells are unable to use oxygen, Alochol

How could one tell if they are experiecing hypoxia?

Poor judgement

cyanosis

alertness

coordination

euphoria

belligerent attitdues

dizziness, headackes, drowsiness

What is hyperventilation, what are the symptoms and how can you treat it?

CO2 deficiency, due to stress/ fear

Control their breathing with a paper bag

What is the cause of middle ear pain in flight and how can we mitigate it?

What are the in-flight illusions?

Inversion

Coriolis

Elevator

Flase Horizon

Leans

Autokinesis

Somatogravic

What are the symptoms of motion sickness?

Genereal discomfort

Nausea

Dissiness

Paleness

Sweating

Vomiting

How can one alleviate symptoms of motion sickness?

Open fresh air vents

focus on objects out the aircraft

avoid unnecessary head movements

What is carbon monoxide poisoning and why is it so dangerous?

Colorless and odorless gass from the heater

attahes to the hemoglobin in the blood about 200 times more easily than oxygen

results in hypemic hypoxia

body requires up to 48 hours to dispose of CO

Can result in death

What are some sumtoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

headache

blurred vision

dizziness

drowsiness

loss of muscle power

What is stress?

The body’s resoinse to physical and psychological demands

Blood sugar, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and perspiration all increase

What are some symptoms of being fatigued?

pilot error

degradation of attention and concentration

impaired coordination

decreased ability to communicate

What are the two types of fatigues?

Chronic fatigue

Acute fatigue

Explain what acute fatigue is:

temporary fatigue, some causes are:

mild hypoxia (oxygen deficiency)

physical stress

psychological stress

depletion of physical energy resulting from psychological stress

sustained psychological stress

Explain what Chronic fatigue:

extends over a long period of time

may experience weakness, tiredness, palpitations, breathlessness, headaches, irritability, stomach intestinal problems

What is dehydration? What are the causes? What are the signs?

critical loss of water

Causes: hot flight deck/ flight lines, wind, humidity, diuretic drinks (coffee, tea, alcohol, caffeinated soft drinks)

Signs: headache, fatigue, cramps, sleepiness, dizziness

What are some types of optical illusions?

Runway width, slope

Featureless terrain

water refraction

haze

fog

ground lighting illusion

What are some ways we can combat optical illusions?

Anticipation

Frequent references to altimeter

Aerial visual inspection of unfamiliar airports

Use VASI or PAPI

Use Visual Descent Point (VDP)

Recoginez the changes

Maintain optimum proficiency in landing procedures

What is the recommended wait time to pilots after scuba diving?

uncontrolled, < 8,000 ft = 12 hours

or at least 24 hours otherwise

What are the rules regarding alcohol and drugs in terms of flying?

8 hours between bottle and throttle

0.04 BAC

No influence of alcohol

What are the effects of alcohol on the human body?

impairment takes 3 hours per 1 oc of alcohol

it is absorbed into the fluid of the inner ear (affects balance and spatail disorientation, vertigo)

Interferes with the normal absorption of oxygen (histoxic hypoxia)

What are the effects of drugs on the human body?

negative impact on pilot performance and efficiency

side effects: drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, dizziness

More pronounced effects at altitudes

What is ADM and why is it so important?

A systematic approach to determine best course of action

What are the four fundamental principles of risk management?

Accept no unnecessary risk

Make risk decisions at the appropriate level

Accept risk when benefits outweigh dangers (costs)

Integrate risk management into planning at all levels

IMAIR

Impulsivity, Macho, Anti-authority, Invulnerability, Resignation

What are the guidelines for making assignments?

Probable

Occasional

Remote

Improbable

What are the guidelines for this assignment?

Catastropic

Critical

Marginal

Negligible

What is used as a Risk Assessment tool?

PAVE

Pilot

Aircraft

enVironment

External Factors

What are PPL Prvilieges and Limitations

PSCRIPT

Pro Rate

Salesman

Charity

Rescue

Incidental to BUsiness

Production Testing

Towing

What is equipment is required for VFR Day?

ATOMATOFLAMES

ASI

Tachometer

Oil Temperature

Manifold Pressure Guage

Altimeter

Temperature Guage

Oil Pressure

Fuel Quantity Indicator

Landing Gear Position Indicator

Anti-Collision Light

Magnetic Direction Indicator

ELT

Safety Belts

What is equipment is required for VFR Night?

ATOMATOFLAMES + FLAPS

Fuses/ Circuit Breakers

Landing Flights (for hire)

Anti Collision Lights

Position Lights

Source of Power (Alternator/ Generator)

What should you know for flight planning?

NWKRAFT

NOTAMS

Weather

Known ATC delays

Runway Lengths

Alternates

Fuel Requirements

TOL Data (Takeoff/ Landing)

What are the required Documents on the Aircraft?

ARROW

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration

Radio License (Int’l)

Operator’s Handbook (POH)

Weight and Balance Data

What are some of the inspections we need for the aircraft?

AV1ATE

Annual (12 months)

VOR (30 days, IFR only)

100 hour (for hire)

Altimeter/ Pitot-static (24 months)

Transponder (24 months)

ELT (12 months, 1 hour of use, .5 battery life)

Explain the Engine system in the Piper Warrior

LHAND1234

Lycoming O-320

Horizonally opposed

Air cooled

Natural asspirated

Direct Drive (prop 1:1 crankshaft)

150 hp

2700 rpm

320 in cuded

4 cylinders

How do we determine our physical and mental readiness?

IMSAFE

Illness

Medication

Stress

Alcohol

Fatigue

Emotion/ Eating

Explain the hazardous attitutes

IMAIR

Invulnerability

Macho

Anti-Authority

Impulsitivity

ResignationQ

What are the different types of fog?

RAISUP

Radation

Advection

Ice

Steam

Upslope

Precipation

Explain the Vestibular Illusions

ICEFLAGS

Inversion

Coriolis

Elevator

False Horizon

Leans

Autokinesis

Graveyard spiral

Somatogravic

List the TFR’s

VANSS

VIP

Airshows

Natural disasters

Sporting events

Space operations

Name the Special Use Airspace

MCPRAWN

MOAs

Controlled Areas

Prohibited Areas

Restricted Areas

Alert Areas

Warning Areas

National security area

What can cause Magnetic Compass Errors?

DVMONA

Deviation

Variation

Magnetic dip

Oscillation

Northerly turning errors

UNOS

Undershoot North

Overshoot South

Acceleration Errors

ANDS

Accelerate North

Decelerate South

What is the Inoperative Equipment Procedures?

TAPER PDL

Ype Certificate Data Sheet

Airworthiness Directives

Pilot’s Operating Handbook

Equipment List

Regulations

Placard

Deactivate

Log

List the Osygen System

PRICE

Pressure

Regulator

Indicator

Connections

Emergency