Intro to Radiologic & Imaging Sciences & Patient Care Chapter 13

Base of support

Foundation on which a body rests or stands; when people stand, their feet and the space between the feet define the

Biomechanics

A component of physics, the laws of Newtonian mechanics, applied to living bodies at rest and in motion

center of gravity

Hypothetical point around which all mass appears to be concetrated

Commonly attached medical equipment

items clipped, fastened, or affixed to patients' bodies to deliver substances, such as oxygen, medications, hydration, or nutrition, or drain away substances, such as post surgical fluids or urine. Care must be taken when moving or positioning patients with these attachments. Neither the patient nor the clinician should get injured during this activity. The equipment should also survive intact without damage or functional impairment.

mobility muscles

Muscles that are found in the four extremities and designed for movement

mobility muscles

Biceps femoris, biceps brachii, and gastrocnemius. These muscles have long white tendons and are also called white muscles are considered what

orthostatic hypotension

a sudden drop in blood pressure in the brain when a person stands up quickly from a sitting or supine position, causing the oxygen in the brain to drop and the person to become dizzy and prone to falling

stability muscles

muscles that support the torso and are designed to provide postural stability

stability muscles

the latissimus dorsi, abdominal group, and erector spinae. These muscles tend to have thick red muscle bellies and are called red muscles. They are considered what

body mechanics

Proper ________ _______ increase your effective strength and you are less likely to injure yourself and your patient

body mechanics

________ ________ is the principle of proper body alignment, movement, and balance

1. Use good posture

2. Always keep your body's line of balance close to your center of gravity (below waistline)

3. Hold object close to body

4. Bend your knees

5. Don't twist your trunk

6. Roll or push rather than pull

List good examples of Body Mechanics

1. Good base of support

2. Aware of one's center of gravity

3. Use of correct muscles for mobility

4. Use of muscles to maintain stability

What are the requirements for proper patient handing?

wide base

A ________ ________ of support is essential for stability

base of support

The ________ ___________ is the foundation in which a body rests

narrow base

A ________ _________ of support characterizes unstable and mobile system.

center of gravity

A hypothetical area of the body where the mass of the body is concentrated;

sacral level

In humans aligned in the anatomic position, the center of gravity is at approximately _____ _______ two, with a slight variations between women and men.

center of gravity

holding heavy objects close to ______ ___ ______ permits easier and safer transfer

mobility

For effective patient transfers and handling, technologists should use __________ muscles for lifting

stability

For effective patient transfers and handling, technologists should use _________ muscles for support

patients

When performing a transfer, let _________ do as much of the work as possible

chart

Before executing the transfer, check the patient's ______ and verify whether he/she has a restricted weight-bearing status

transfer abilities

Patients with cognitive impairments, such as dementia, may overestimate their ___________ ________ and require assistance

never

________ extend your reach beyond center of gravity

what you are going to do

Always inform the patient _______ _____ ___ _____ ______ _______ and how you intend to proceed

secure

Elderly patients have to feel

secure

Execute the transfer slowly enough for the patient to feel

Held close

When lifting, The patient's center of gravity and your center of gravity should be what?

legs

When lifting patients, keep the back stationary and let the _______ do all of the lifting

pivot

After the patients is standing, help him/her to ______ around to a bed or x-ray table and to sit down

1. Prevents unnecessary injury to your back, neck, and shoulders

2. Prevents injury to patients

3. To expend less energy to work

Advatanges of good body mechanics are:

1. Poor body mechanics

2. poor posture

3. loss of flexibility

Causes of back injuries

Orthostatic Hypotension

Patient is bedridden for an extended period of time and tries to gets up. As he/she is getting up they experience dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, and slurred speech. What is the patient experiencing?

have the patient stand up slowly, encourage the patient to talk during transfer by asking simple questions, do not send a symptomatic patient away and risk having the patient faint on the way to his or her room

minimize orthostatic hypotension what should you have the patient do?

ambulatory

patient should always be transported by wheelchair or stretcher even if they are

1. Check with nurse

2. Check Patient ID

-Look at ID band

- Ask pt their name and DOB

3. Prepare work area

4. Obtain equipment

5. Enlist patient's help

6. Ask for help when necessary

Patient Transfer Steps

standby assist, assisted standing pivot, two person lift, hydraulic lift

Four types of wheelchair transfers

weak; strong

During wheelchair transfer always position yourself on the patients ______ side so that they transfer on their _______ side.

Standby-Assist transfer

Used for patients who have the ability to transfer from a wheelchair to a table on their own. Position the wheelchair at a 45 degree angle to the table. Provide movement instructions to the patient continually during the transfer.

Assisted Standing Pivot Transfer

Used for patients who cannot transfer independently but can bear weight on their legs, a standing pivot technique is used. Position the wheelchair at a 45 degree angle to the table with the patients stronger side closest to the table. If patient is wearing loose-fitting clothes, place a transfer belt around the patient's waist.

two-person lift

Some patients cannot bear weight on their lower extremities and must be lifted onto a table. If the patient is lightweight a _____ - _______ ____ can be executed.

1. First person asks pt to cross his/her arms over chest. The person making the transfer stands behind the pt, reaches under the pts axillae, and grasps the patients crossed forearms. The assistant squats in front of the patient and cradles the patients thighs in one hand and the patients calves in the other.

2. At the command of the person supporting the patients upper body, the patient is lifted to clear the wheelchair and moved as a unit to the desired place

What are the steps to a two-person lift?

hydraulic lift

some patients are too heavy to lift manually and require a

hydraulic

Prior arrangements should be made with the nursing staff to have patients needing ______ lift transfers arrive in radiology department sitting on a transfer sling.

strong

To move a patient from a stretcher onto radiographic table, position the cart alongside the table on the patient's ______ or less affected side.

1. Make sure wheels are locked and immmovable

2. Allow patient to assist if possible

3. transfers usually require 3 people

4. use transfer aids

5. for lateral transfers, both transfer surfaces must be side to side, as close as possible and at the same height

Stretcher transfer requirements

1st person supports neck and upper body from far side

2nd person supports pelvic girdle

3rd person supports legs

Reason for 3 people during stretcher transfer

1. Stroke Patients

2. Fractures

3. Joint Replacements

4. Spine Traumas

5. Paralyzed Patients

When transferring patients, some special considerations are:

1. Talk with the patient and explain what you are going to do

2. Let the patient assist as much as possible

3. Check with patient before any move is attempted

4. Roll patient toward you

5. Provide positioning sponges to help the patient maintain correct positioning

6. Work as a team!!!

Patient Positioning Considerations are:

Communication

What is the most important thing to consider when positioning patients?