eritropoiesis and hemoglobin

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Last updated 1:28 PM on 5/20/26
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13 Terms

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What stimulates erythropoiesis?

Hypoxia → kidney releases Erythropoietin (EPO)

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Erythropoietin (EPO) characteristics

Glycoprotein (34 kDa), produced in kidneys

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Three causes of increased RBC production due to hypoxia

Smoking (CO binds Hb), high altitude, COPD

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Why males have higher RBC counts than females

Higher blood volume, greater muscle mass → higher O2 demand, testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis; females lose blood via menstruation

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Hemoglobin (Hb) function

Oxygen-carrying protein in RBCs, more reliable than hematocrit

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Normal Hb levels – males

14–18 g/dL

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Normal Hb levels – females

12–16 g/dL

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Increased Hb indicates

Dehydration or polycythemia

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Decreased Hb indicates

Anemia

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Reticulocytes

Immature RBCs

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Increased reticulocytes indicates

Increased RBC destruction (hemolysis)

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Decreased reticulocytes indicates

Bone marrow production problem

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Immature Reticulocyte Fraction (IRF)

Earliest indicator of erythropoiesis