Nursing Care of At Risk/High Risk/Sick Newborn

These flashcards cover essential nursing care principles and interventions for high-risk and sick newborns, encompassing definitions, causes, symptoms, and nursing management strategies.

What defines a premature infant?

A baby born before 37 weeks of gestation.

What are the classifications of prematurity based on gestational age?

Late preterm: 34 to <37 weeks; Moderate preterm: 32 to <34 weeks; Very preterm: <32 weeks; Extremely preterm: <28 weeks.

List some maternal factors that can cause prematurity.

Preeclampsia, infections, poor prenatal care, smoking, substance abuse.

What are common signs and symptoms of a premature infant?

Low birth weight, thin skin, poor muscle tone, respiratory distress, difficulty in thermoregulation, poor feeding.

What are some medical management strategies for a premature infant?

Respiratory support, thermoregulation, nutritional support, and infection prevention.

What is a postmature infant?

A baby born after 42 weeks of gestation.

What factors can contribute to postmaturity?

Genetic predisposition, inaccurate estimated due date, fetal anomalies.

What signs and symptoms indicate a postmature infant?

Overgrown body, dry skin, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, alert appearance.

What are the possible nursing diagnoses for a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant?

Risk for hypoglycemia, risk for impaired thermoregulation, imbalanced nutrition.

What is the primary concern for large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?

Birth trauma and hypoglycemia.

What syndrome is characterized by inhaling meconium-stained fluid?

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS).

What are key nursing interventions for a newborn with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?

Monitor respiratory status, provide thermal stability, administer oxygen and surfactant therapy.

What condition results from immature liver function leading to hyperbilirubinemia?

Jaundice.

What are the general nursing management strategies for a newborn diagnosed with Neonatal Sepsis?

Monitor vital signs, maintain aseptic technique, provide supportive care.

What medical treatment is given for Hypoglycemia in newborns?

Monitor glucose levels and administer dextrose if needed.

What should nurses monitor to manage Apnea of Prematurity (AOP)?

Apnea episodes, providing gentle stimulation and ensuring proper feeding.

What are red flags for detecting Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)?

Severe jaundice, pallor, hepatosplenomegaly.

What assessment is essential in identifying Failure to Thrive (FTT)?

Monitor weight, growth, and developmental milestones.

What is the recommended dietary management for a newborn with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Phenylalanine-restricted diet.

What are the signs and symptoms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

Ambiguous genitalia in females, salt-wasting crises.

What long-term approach is critical in managing Congenital Hypothyroidism?

Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

What nursing intervention is important in the prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Educate parents on safe sleep practices.