naqt ygk all vol ii

jane eyre

charlotte bronte, 1847; While serving as a governess at Thornfield Hall, the novel’s title character is courted by Edward Rochester, the hall’s dark and brooding master.

edward rochester

thornfield hall’s dark and brooding master of jane eyre who is revealed that he is already married at jane eyre’s wedding

bertha

wife of edward rochester in jane eyre who has been kept in an attic for years after a debilitating mental illness left her unable to speak or remain calm. she is killed in a fire that destroys thornfield hall and leaves rochester blind and one-handed

reader, i married him

line spoken by jane at the end of jane eyre after jane and rochester reconcile

bildungsroman

genre of novel that depicts a main character’s growth from childhood to adulthood, like that of jane eyre

an occurence at owl creek bridge

ambrose bierce, 1890; peyton fahrquhar is unsuccessfully hanged in the civil war and travels all the way back into his house when “he feels a stunning blow upon the back of the neck.” at the end, we find out that he imagined everything and he actually died from the hanging

peyton fahrquhar

resident of Alabama in an occurrence at owl creek bridge who supports the Confederacy in the Civil War and who is about to be hanged by a group of Union soldiers in the Civil War for attempting to destroy the title structure.

san francisco examiner

newspaper where an occurrence at owl creek bridge first appeared in. it was later published in the collection Tales of Soldiers and Civilians.

the murder of roger ackroyd

agatha christie, 1926; Christie’s third novel to feature her recurring character of Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Christie’s masterful use of misdirection drew praise from some critics and confounded others, but the novel is now regarded as one of the most influential mystery novels of all time.

roger ackroyd

title man of agatha christie’s third hercule poirot detective novel who had planned to marry Mrs. Ferrars but is also soon killed in his own study

mrs ferrars

roger ackroyd plans to marry this woman in his title agatha christie novel but she takes her own life after being blackmailed over poisoning her first husband

james sheppard

local physician and acquaintance of Ackroyd in the murder of roger ackroyd. he helps hercule poirot after the murder

ralph paton

roger ackroyd’s stepson in the murder of roger ackroyd who suspicion falls on after the murder of ackroyd

hercule poirot

christie’s detective character who deduces in the murder of ackroyd that the real murderer (and Mrs. Ferrars’s blackmailer) is Sheppard, in one of the most iconic uses of an unreliable narrator in literary history

rebecca

daphne du maurier, 1938; This gothic romance centers on Maxim de Winter, the owner of the estate Manderley. The narrator eventually learns the marriage of Maxim and the title character was loveless, and that Maxim shot and killed her after the latter claimed to have conceived an illegitimate child

maxim de winter

the owner of the estate Manderley in rebecca who marries the novel’s unnamed narrator some time after the death of Rebecca, his first wife. in a twist, it is revealed that Rebecca was dying of cancer and lied about the pregnancy to get him to give her a swift death

mrs danvers

housekeeper of maxim de winter who regularly derides the narrator and compares her unfavorably to Rebecca.

alfred hitchcock

master of plot twists who adapted rebecca into a 1940 film; it became his only film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.

watchmen

alan moore and dave gibbons, 1986; the only graphic novel to make Time’s “All-Time 100 Novels” list. the title group includes rorschach, the comedian, as well as Nite Owl and the god-like being Doctor Manhattan. it is revealed that the comedian was killed by fellow member Ozymandias

rorschach

anti-hero of watchmen who seeks out the man who killed The Comedian, another former member of the title group, which also includes Nite Owl and the god-like being Doctor Manhattan.

ozymandias

member of watchmen who kills the comedian. In a final confrontation, the book’s characters meet him in Antarctica, where he reveals his plan to fake an alien invasion in order to restore world peace. Rorschach and others vow to stop him, but in a twist, he reveals they are too late with the iconic line “I did it thirty-five minutes ago.”

the giver

lois lowry, 1993; set in a dystopian community where society is built around “Sameness,” a state in which people have little to no emotion. Though the book has an ambiguous ending about Jonas’s fate, the follow-up novels—Gathering Blue, Messenger, and Son —continue the story.

jonas

main character of the giver, 12-year-old who is chosen to be the Receiver of Memories, meaning he will be the only person with the memories of the time before Sameness, so he can advise the community.

release

concept in the giver where certain members are taken to a place called Elsewhere. it’s a cover for the fact that these citizens are actually being killed, often by Jonas’s father.

gabriel

jonas escapes the community in the giver with this infant, as doing so will restore the community’s memories.

atonement

ian mcewan, 2001; depicts the aspiring young writer Briony Tallis, who grows up watching the budding romance between her sister Cecilia and Robbie Turner, the son of a Tallis family servant whose Cambridge education was paid for by the Tallises.

briony tallis

main character in atonement who misunderstands a sexual encounter between cecelia and robbie turner, which causes her to conclude that a later actual assault she witnesses was committed by Robbie; Robbie is sent to prison.

cecelia

sister of briony tallis in atonement who falls in love with robbie turner. years later, she becomes a nurse and robbie rights in world war ii. Briony attempts to reconcile with the pair, but fails; still, she notes they are living happily together.

robbie turner

the son of a Tallis family servant whose Cambridge education was paid for by the Tallises in atonement. he falls in love with cecelia but is sent to prison by briony’s misunderstanding. a 77-year old briony with dementia later confesses that she knows he was innocent; he died at Dunkirk and Cecilia was killed during the Blitz, and their happy ending was a complete fabrication.

never let me go

kazuo ishiguro, 2005; opens by introducing Kathy, a “carer” who is tasked with helping “donors” at a medical facility, though the nature of the donations is not explained

kathy

main character in never let me go who reminisces about her time at the secluded boarding school Hailsham, where she grows up alongside her friends Ruth and Tommy

miss lucy

teacher in never let me go who reveals that all of the students at Hailsham are clones, bred so that their vital organs can be “donated” (in reality, harvested).

tommy

falls in love with kathy in never let me go who tries to get his donations deferred due to the belief that clones who are in love can be spared; however, they learn this was merely a rumor. he dies (or “completes”) after making multiple donations; Kathy knows she will also have to begin donating soon.

gone girl

gillian flynn, 2012; In this crime thriller, Nick Dunne returns home one day to find that his wife Amy has disappeared. nick is framed for the murder before it is revealed that amy, who is extremely manipulative, faked her own disappearance

nick dunne

main character of gone girl whose marriage with amy was on the rocks. he is revealed to have credit card debt and to have recently taken out a large life insurance policy on Amy; he is suspected of murdering his wife, and is arrested after amy’s diary describing his affair and abuse is discovered

amy dunne

wife of nick in gone girl whose diary reveals that she faked her own disappearance and framed Nick; she is highly controlling and manipulative, seeking help from an old boyfriend whom she murders and frame for kidnapping her so she can get back together with Nick, whom she forces to resume their marriage as normal.

the seven husbands of evelyn hugo

taylor jenkins reid, 2017; The novel’s seven sections are a chronological retelling of the title woman’s life: her seven marriages, her secret affair with fellow actress Celia St. James, and a deadly car crash in which her closeted ex-husband Harry Cameron and a second man were killed.

evelyn hugo

main character of her title novel who arranges for a final interview with the largely unknown magazine journalist Monique Grant. she reveals that the other man who died in a car crash she was in was Monique’s father, and that she felt the true love of her life was Celia.

elizabeth taylor

actress who was the basis for the novel the seven husbands of evelyn hugo. she was married eight times. the novel is also loosely based on Ava Gardner, who similarly recounted her life to a journalist before her death.

david fincher

directed the 2014 film gone girl, starring Ben Affleck and Rosamund Pike.

a wrinkle in time

madeleine l’engle; 1963 newbery medal winner. Meg Murry is a 13-year-old girl whose scientist father has gone missing. she finds him on the planet camazotz, and frees him and her brother Charles from IT’s control by using the power of her love for him.

meg murry

main character of a wrinkle in time who meets three interstellar beings named Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which, who tells her the universe is under threat from the evil Dark Thing and who use a tesseract to transport her, her younger brother Charles, and their friend Calvin O’Keefe to the planet of Camazotz, where Meg’s father is trapped.

camazotz

fictional planet in a wrinkle in time that is controlled by a gigantic brain called IT, which forces all life on the planet to act in perfect conformity. Charles falls under the control of IT and leads the group to Meg’s father.

time quintet

series of books by madeleine l’engle, which includes A Wrinkle in Time, A Wind in the Door and A Swiftly Tilting Planet.

sounder

william h armstrong; 1970 newbery medal winner. An Oscar-nominated 1972 film version gave the characters names and removed the deaths from the ending. the title is the name of the family dog, who belongs to a sharecropping family and is shot by an officer arresting the unnamed main character’s dog

the father

unnamed character in sounder who is sentenced to chain gang labor after being arrested on charges of theft. he returns home after he is seriously injured in an explosion and released early; he later dies

the boy

unnamed main character in sounder, the child of sharecroppers in Jim Crow-era Georgia. while out searching for his father, he meets an old teacher, who takes him in and teaches him how to read. after discovering that his father has died, his dog sounder subsequently crawls under the family porch to die

newbery medal

an award given to an American author of children’s literature in connection with a specific book. It is awarded annually by the American Library Association.

mrs frisby and the rats of nimh

robert c. o’brien; 1972 newbery medal winner. the title character is a mouse who lives in a cinderblock in a farmer’s field with her children. the other title group destroy their technologically advanced nest and plan to build a new home away from humans after they help a family of rats escape the farmer’s plow

timothy

mrs frisby’s son in mrs frisby and the rats of nimh who falls ills, which, alongside their inability to move to their summer home, puts them in danger from the farmer’s plow.

nimh

the fictional national institute of mental health in mrs frisby and the rats of ___, an experimental project in enhanced intelligence that tested on a group of nearby rats who live in a nest with highly advanced technology. they subsequently escaped from the project

mrs frisby

mouse who lives in a cinderblock in a farmer’s field with her children. she learns her late husband was part of nimh, and she drugs the farmer’s cat, so that the nimh rats are able to move her house to a safe location. in return, she warns them about a group of coming exterminators likely connected to NIMH.

roll of thunder, hear my cry

mildred d. taylor; 1977 newbery medal winner. Cassie Logan is a nine-year-old member of a Black family in 1930s Mississippi who, unusually for the time period, own the land they farm. the logan family experiences racism, such as when her uncle is forced to sell his luxury car after the Logan family loan is suddenly called by the local white bank.

cassie logan

nine-year-old main character of roll of thunder, hear my cry who experiences the overt racism of the Jim Crow South in many forms—she herself is bullied by white children, Black members of the local community are burned alive, her mother loses her job as a schoolteacher for leading a boycott

wallace family

racist family in roll of thunder, hear my cry who gets cassie logan’s mother to lose her job after she leads a boycott protesting their store

t. j.

friend of Cassie’s older brother in roll of thunder, hear my cry who is the only one arrested for a crime he committed with a pair of white boys; Cassie’s father sets the Logans’ cotton fields on fire to distract the town from lynching him

let the circle be unknown

mildred d taylor; also chronicles the logan family, and a direct sequel to roll of thunder, hear my cry

bridge to terabithia

katherine paterson; 1978 newbery medal winner. Jesse Aarons is a ten-year-old boy from a lower-class family who initially dislikes Leslie Burke, the daughter of a wealthy family who moves in next door and who beats Jesse in a running race.

terabithia

mythical land which can only be entered by swinging over a creek using a rope, and in which jesse and leslie are the king and queen.

jesse aarons

main character of bridge to terabithia who is invited to visit the Smithsonian Institute with his music teacher, Miss Edmunds; while he is away, Leslie is killed when the rope breaks while she swings across the creek to Terabithia, causing her to be knocked unconscious and drown.

may belle

the younger sister of jesse in bridge to terabithia who becomes the new queen of terabithia after leslie drowns and jesse builds a bridge as part of dealing with his grief

the westing game

ellen raskin; 1979 newbery medal winner. A real estate salesman named Barney Northup sells a number of families on moving into Sunset Towers, an exclusive luxury apartment complex near the mansion of wealthy paper magnate Sam Westing—with whom all of the new tenants of Sunset Towers, save one, have some sort of connection.

sam westing

wealthy paper magnate of the westing game who is discovered dead soon after residents of the sunset towers move in. sixteen of the residents of Sunset Towers—grouped into eight teams of two—are named as heirs in his will, which challenges them to solve his murder, using the lyrics to “America the Beautiful” as clues.

turtle wexler

middle schooler in the westing game who eventually realizes that Westing never actually died and has simply been living among the other heirs using a variety of aliases—including Barney Northup and the doorman of Sunset Towers, Sandy McSouthers.

dear mr. henshaw

beverly cleary; 1984 newbery medal winner. an epistolary novel told through the letters and diary entries of middle schooler Leigh Botts. Leigh writes annual letters to his favorite author, Boyd, who encourages Leigh to begin keeping a diary

leigh botts

main character of dear mr. henshaw who begins by framing each entry as a letter to “Mr. Pretend Henshaw.” In his letters and diary, he describes grappling with the fallout from his parents’s divorce—his father is a long-haul trucker whose inattentiveness and distance (both physical and emotional) torments him

a day on dad’s rig

piece that leigh botts writes in dear mr. henshaw. he submits it to a contest for which the prize is lunch with a famous children’s author; he is awarded the prize when the original winner is revealed to have plagiarized their submission.

angela badger

famous author of dear mr. henshaw who leigh botts wins a lunch trip with after submitting his piece “a day on dad’s rig.” often interpreted as a self-insert of Cleary herself, she lifts Leigh’s spirits by praising his work and encouraging him to continue writing.

sameness

concept in the giver in which family, marriages, and other aspects of life are purely utilitarian. When children in the society reach twelve years old, they receive their lifetime job assignments.

receiver of memory

job in the giver, a person who holds all memories—good and bad—from previous times when pain and strife existed. jonas gets this job and begins to take on memories from the current holder of this job

lois lowry

author of the giver who had also won the 1991 Newbery Medal for Number the Stars.

the view from saturday

e. l. konigsburg; 1997 newbery medal winner. Mrs. Olinski forms an academic bowl team consisting of four sixth-graders, Noah, Nadia, Ethan, and Julian, who call themselves “The Souls” and meet for tea every Saturday.

mrs. olinski

main character in the view from saturday who is a teacher at Epiphany Middle School who returns to the classroom for the first time since a car accident ten years ago that left her a widow and a paraplegic.

the souls

quiz bowl team in the view from saturday who is an underdog team of sixth-graders that makes it all the way to the state championship game. Much of the novel is told in flashbacks explaining both how a particular team member knows the answer to a question, how the they came to meet each other, and how their support has helped Mrs. Olinski overcome the challenges she has faced

julian

member of the souls in the view from saturday who wins the championship after Julian correctly answers the last question, which is about Through the Looking-Glass—a reference to their Saturday tea parties.

holes

louis sachar; 1999 newbery medal winner. Stanley Yelnats IV is sent to a juvenile detention center, Camp Green Lake after being wrongfully convicted of stealing a pair of shoes, where juvenile residents at Camp Green Lake are forced to dig holes each day

yelnats family

central family in holes who have been cursed with bad luck ever since their Latvian patriarch failed to fulfil a promise to fortune teller Madame Zeroni.

camp green lake

setting of holes; juvenile residents are forced to dig holes each day; the Warden is searching for the hidden treasure of legendary outlaw Kissin’ Kate Barlow. it is shut down after stanley and zero locate Barlow’s treasure

kissin kate barlow

legendary outlaw of holes who turned to crime after her Black boyfriend Sam was murdered by racists in the late 19th century.

zero

character in holes who stanley teaches to read. he and stanley flee from the camp, and hide out on a mountain where Barlow once encountered Stanley’s ancestor. Stanley carries him up the mountain, thus breaking the curse on his family—as he is a descendant of Madame Zeroni.

hildegard von bingen

German theologian who lived most of her life as a Benedictine nun and abbess in western Germany. She was a polymath, known today for both her Christian writings as well as her large corpus of medieval vocal music, composed to be performed by the members of her abbey.

bingen’s compositions

mostly works of chant, mostly responsories and antiphons, which are monophonic, meaning they have a single melodic line.

symphony armonie celestium revelationum

bingen; also called the Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations. one of the most studied of bingen’s works that is found in the Dendermonde Codex

ordo virtutum

bingen; a morality play with 82 musical accompaniments that is the earliest known Western musical drama not based on liturgy.

josquin des prez

leading Franco–Flemish composer of both sacred and secular music in the mid-Renaissance, mostly vocal.

chansons

secular French songs that Josquin des Prez was prolific in, alongside masses

motets

a broad term for multi-part Renaissance vocal works. these works created by Josquin des Prez were and continue to be highly influential, his most-celebrated being ’Ave Maria…virgo serena.”

imitative polyphony

composition technique that Josquin was a master of, in which multiple melodic lines interact and follow similar melodic patterns

text painting

Josquin also frequently used this technique, that matched music to text’s literal meaning (for instance, pairing an ascending melody with the word “up”)

missa pange lingua

josquin; composed circa 1515, another of his most celebrated works. Mozart used a well-known melody from the mass’s “Kyrie” movement as the basis for the finale of his “Jupiter” Symphony.

thomas tallis

one of the foremost vocal English composers of the Elizabethan era and were largely responsible for popularizing the new polyphonic trends of continental music in England.

william byrd

one of the foremost vocal and keyboard English composers of the Elizabethan era and were largely responsible for popularizing the new polyphonic trends of continental music in England, including his compilation My Ladye Nevells Booke

tallis and byrd

composer duo whose preeminence is largely thanks to the monopoly on printed music that Elizabeth I granted them in 1575. the latter in particular had celebrated vocal works such as his Mass for Four Voices and Mass for Five Voices and his two Gradualia collections of motets.

cantiones sacrae

tallis and byrd; contains 17 motets from each composer.

spem in allium

tallis; contains a 40-part motet for eight choirs of five voices each

why fumeth in sight

tallis; Ralph Vaughan Williams used this as the basis for his Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.

giovanni pierluigi da palestrina

prolific Italian composer of sacred music and was a Catholic official during the Counter-Reformation. he, who wrote in a rigorously structured style of polyphony, enjoyed great fame in his day and was made the Vatican’s music director in 1578.

pope marcellus mass

palestrina; An enduring legend claims that the Council of Trent considered banning polyphonic music (because its complex sound muddied any textual Christian message) but were convinced otherwise after listening to this work, in which the sung text was clear and understandable

gradus ad parnassum

johann joseph fux; a treatise on species counterpoint that passed down Palestrina’s techniques to generations of composers. in fact, palestrina’s music was the basis for this book

claudio monteverdi

Italian composer who is often cited as the single most influential composer in the transition between the Renaissance and Baroque eras.