basic prin disease ch 1 study guide and quiz

Abnormal condition disrupting normal body function

Disease

State of physical, mental, and social well-being

Health

Subjective complaint reported by patient

Symptom

Objective finding observed by provider

Sign

Cause of disease

Etiology

Development and progression of disease

Pathogenesis

Identification of disease or condition

Diagnosis

List of possible diseases causing symptoms

Differential Diagnosis

Test used to detect disease early

Screening Test

Ability to identify patients WITH disease

Sensitivity

Ability to identify patients WITHOUT disease

Specificity

Procedure entering the body

Invasive Test

Procedure not entering the body

Noninvasive Test

Appears white on X-ray

Radiopaque

Appears dark on X-ray

Radiolucent

Imaging test using X-rays

CT Scan

Imaging using magnetic fields

MRI

Measures metabolic activity

PET Scan

Removal of tissue for examination

Biopsy

Measures heart electrical activity

ECG

Measures brain electrical activity

EEG

Measures muscle electrical activity

EMG

Imaging using sound waves

Ultrasound

Health and Disease Continuum

Health and disease exist on a spectrum between wellness and illness.

Good Health

Efficient physical and mental functioning.

Etiology vs. Pathogenesis

Etiology is the cause; pathogenesis is disease development.

Clinical History

Provides information about symptoms, history, and possible causes.

Purpose of Screening Tests

Detect disease early before symptoms appear.

Sensitivity vs. Specificity

Sensitivity identifies patients WITH disease; specificity identifies patients WITHOUT disease.

Laboratory Tests

Evaluate organ function, identify disease, and monitor treatment.

Which of the following is a physician's opinion concerning the eventual outcome of a disease in a patient?

Prognosis

A young woman has a skin rash that is caused by an allergic reaction to an antibiotic. Which of the following is the best classification for this patient's condition?

An inflammation

Which of the following tests measures the electrical activity of the heart?

ECG

A(n) ________ diagnoses and classifies diseases while a clinician cares for patients.

pathologist

The histologic examination of a small sample of tissue removed from the affected tissue or organ is called a biopsy. True of false?

True

Which of the following is a test based on echoes produced in tissues by high-frequency sound waves?

Ultrasound examination

A fine needle aspirate is a form of biopsy. True or false?

True

Which type of examination involves examining diseased tissue with a microscope?

Histologic

False negative refers to a negative test result in a patient with the disease. True or false?

True

Generally, there is no benefit to screening for a disease if no treatment is available. True or false?

True

In which of the following does the clinician makes a risk/benefit/cost determination on test choice?

Evidence-based medicine

Prescribing antibiotics to a patient with an ear infection is an example of symptomatic treatment. True or false?

False

Which of the following is a noninvasive procedure?

X-rays

In a differential diagnosis, the practitioner considers a number of diseases that are characterized by the patient's symptoms. True or false?

True

A governmental agency proposes a pilot program to screen a population for a disease by using a blood test. Which of the following characteristics about the disease or screening test indicates that the proposed screening is not likely to be worthwhile?

No specific method of treatment is currently available.

Specificity and sensitivity are used to classify laboratory tests. True or false?

True

A gross examination involves examining diseased tissue with the naked eye. True or false?

True

Which type of test detects the presence of disease-producing organisms in urine, blood, and feces?

Microbiologic

A urine test is an example of an invasive procedure. True or false?

False

Which of the following is the determination of the nature and cause of a patient's illness by a physician or other health practitioner?

Diagnosis

Normal range refers to which of the following?

Expected clinical test results

Which of the following tests measures the rate at which air moves in and out of the lungs?

Pulmonary function