Chapter 18.2 Everything That Isn't Human

Everything On Neanderthal's

Skeleton

• Stockier, Robust

• Heavier Than Humans

Body Type

• Cold Adapted

Technology

• Mode 3 Tool Use (Levallois Core, Mousterian Points, Spear Points)

Subsistence

• Big Game; Hunted In Herds Using Tools

• Cooked Meat Bulk Of Diet

• High Nitrogen Levels In Bones, Limitation Of Liver To Process That Much Meat

• Rendered Fat From Bones To Supplement Lead Diet

Life History

• Hard, Short Lives

• Died ~40 — 45 Years Old

Behaviour

• Burial Of Dead Common

• Survival Of Sick/Wounded Into Old Age Suggested Levels Of Care

Symbolism

• Personal Items (Jewelry & Pigments)

• Simple Cave Paintings & Music

Cognition & Language

• big Brains & Developed Tool Kit

• Limited Speech Capacity, Reasonable Language Capacity

Fate

• Extinct ~0.04 Ma

• Extinction Theories:

  • Killed By Us

  • Competition With Us

  • Inability To Cope With Climate Change

  • Genetic Bottleneck ~0.06 Ma

Interbreeding

• Evidence With H. Sapiens ~0.05 — 0.04 ma

• Lapedo Child

  • Modern Human, Neanderthal Traits

• Mezzena Mandible

  • Neanderthal, Human Traits