exam 1 microbio

what is microbiology

a specialized area of bio dealing with organisms that are to small to be seen without magnification

what is microorganisms ?

fungi, bacteria, archaea, protozoa, helminths, viruses and algae

what are pathogens?

mircoorganisms that cause disease

what is norm biota?

microorganisms that are found all over the human body whether that is in or on the body. they do NOT cause harm and are mostly beneificial.

characteristics of prokaryotic cells

• lack membrane bound organelles

• smaller

• mostly bacteria

characteristics of eukaryotic cells

• have membrane organelles such as the nucleus

• larger

• consist of other cells types (i.e plants , fungi and animal)

what do viruses consists of?

• small amount of genetic info (DNA)

• a protein coat (capsid)

• SOMETIMES a membrane (envelope)

what is something a viruses is incapable to do on it’s own?

replicate. without a host a virus cannot act on it’s own.

how must ALL binomial nomenclature names be written?

• italics

• first name represent/must be the genus of the organism and capitalized

• second name is the epithet, lowercase

what does the two names in the binomial nomenclature (genus and epithet) indicate

the species

what is a strain

subgroup of a species with 1 or more characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups from the same species (think of the species as dog and the subgroups as different breeds)

the bacterial shape:coccus is described as what?

a round ball

the bacterial shape:bacillus is described as what?

a rod

the bacterial shape:vibro is described as what?

a curved rod

the bacterial shape:spirilllum is described as what?

a spiral shape

the bact arrangement: staphylo is described as

clustered

the bact arrangement: strepto is described as

chains

the belief that invisible life forces present in matter led to the creation of life is otherwise known as….

Spontaneous generation

the understanding that living things arise only from others of the same kind is known as…

biogenesis

microorganisms can invade other organisms and cause disease is known as….

germ theory of disease

the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating the maggots came from eggs of flies was…

francesco redi

who performed swan-neck flask experiments to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation and abiogenesis

louis pasteur

who invented the first microscope lense that allowed him to observe animalcules(microorganisms)

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

who is considered the “father of aesptic surgery techniques”

Jospeh Lister

who created the first immunization (it was for small pox at the time)

Edward Jenner

Who discovered the magic bullet theory, it was what he believed that there were drugs that could be used to specifically harm infectious pathogens w/o damage to host

Paul Ehrlich

developed Koch’s postulates, whether a org was pathogenic and diseases it may cause

Robert koch

who made the first antibiotic (penicillin)

Alexander Flemming

a virus able to infect and destroy bacteria

bacteriophages

five I’s in microbio

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection and Identification

contains only one species of bacteria

a pure culture

contains one or more diff species of bacteria

mixed culture

originates from algae, solely a solidifying agent no other benefits.

agar

a med that solely encourages the growth of some organism while suppressing others (think back to salt reference)

selective medium

a med that causes a change in color when a particular biochem reaction occurs , aka all growth can occur some js influence a change in color

differential medium

a medium with special nutrients thatallows growth for a partic organism or it would otherwise wouldnt grow in sufficient number

enrichment medium

macroscopic cluster of cells

a colony

gram postive appears what color

purple

gram neg will be stained what color

pink

why is gram post stained purple

due to its thick cell wall

why is gram neg stained pink

due to its thin cell wall

what are the bacterial walls made of

peptidoglycan