TEAS!!! STUDY CHEM

The states of matter molecules and atoms exists in depends on what

How much energy they have

What are the three main states of matter

Solid liquid gas

characteristics of solids

low energy

Definite shape

Characteristics of gas

high energy

Indefinite shape and volume

Solid to gas is a process called what

Sublimation

You skip the liquid phase

Gas to a solid is a process called what

Deposition

You skip the liquid phase

What does. A Phase diagram show us

The relationship between pressure and temperature and the phases.

What kind of diagram is this

Phase diagram

Put the states of matter from lowest to highest energy in order

solid ( low energy)

Liquid (higher energy)

Gas (highest energy)

Define atom

Smallest unit of matter

They come together and make up everything around us (like a Lego set)

Three major parts of an atom

Proton

Neutron

Electron

What is the protons charge

Positive

Function of proton

Gives the atom/element its identity

LOCATED IN THE CENTER of the atom in nucleus

Where is proton located

Center of atom nucleus

What is the charge of neutron

No charge (neutral)

Where is the neutron located

Nucleus of atom

Function of neutron

adds to the nucleus to keep it stable

Charge of electron

Negative

Function of electron

orbit around the nucleus in orbitals

What is the orbital cloud/electron cloud

area around the nucleus of an atom that contains electrons speeding around the nucleus

What is the diameter of an atom

1 × 10^-10 m

How far is the nearest electron from the nucleus

1 km away

Definition of isotope

An element with same # of protons BUT different # of neutrons

Atomic mass of carbon

12.01

Atomic number of carbon

6

How is the mass determined of an element

It is an average of all the known isotopes that exist of that element

How to find the neutrons of isotopes

The number of isotopes given - the atomic number

how many neutrons would each of the following isotopes have?

Carbon - 13 isotopes

Magnesium- 24 isotopes

56^Fe

Carbon: 13-6 protons= 7 neutrons

Magnesium: 24 - 12 protons= 12 neutrons

56^Fe: 56-26=30

Group 1 of the periodic table is what

Alkaline metals

The farther down you get to the bottom of the column the MORE reactive it is

What is group 2 on the periodic table

Alkaline earth metals

Why is group 1 and group 2 in the periodic table very reactive

Because they have 1 or 2 outer electrons orbiting their nucleus

• very easy to lose those electrons

halogens are metal or non metal

non metal

Noble gases have a ___ outer shell of electrons

Full outer shell (8)

How many valence electrons are in alkaline metals

1

How many valence electrons are in the alkaline earth metals

2

How many valence electrons are in the metalloids?

3,4,5,6,7

Depends one which column they are in

How many valence electrons are in the halogens

7

How many valence electrons are in noble gases

8

Except helium, helium has 2

Define valence shell

The outermost electron shell surrounding the nucleus of an atom

For stone to get the full valence electrons, what are their options?

Lose or gain electrons

What do groups 1,2 and 3 need to do to get their full octet?

Lose electrons

What do groups 5,6, and 7 need to do to get their full octet?

Gain electrons