MOD 4 gas exchange

what is the airway dived into

pharynx and larynx

nasopharynx is

nasal area

oropharynx is the

throat or mouth

where are the vocal chords

top of larynx

what does the lower airway include

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

what does the trachea divide into

bronchial tubes

where does gas exchange happen

alveoli

how many lobes does the right lung have

three

how are the lungs linked to the nervous system

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

where is pleural fluid produced

pleural cavity

what is the pleura divided into

visceral and parietal layers

broonchoconstriction

tightening of bronchus because of contraction of smooth muscle

bronchodilation

expansion of airway in bronchus

pleura

protecitve later of membrane covering the lungs

what aids in breathing

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

what separtes the chest cavity from the abdominl cavity

diaphragm

what controls the diaphram

autonomic nervous system

what creates a negative pressure inside the lungs

during inhalation

when is gas expelled in the lungs

during exhalation

what keeps the alveoli from collapsing during ehalation

surfactant

atelactasis

no surfactant in the lungs so loss of volume during expansion

atelectasis is most common during

thoracic or abdominal surgery

the lungs enable gas exchange between what system

cardiopulmonary

what delivers gas to the alveoli

large airways and bronchioles

perfusion

flow of blood by cardiopulmonary system into alveolar capillaries

what blood travels to the heart

oxygenated blood

what monitors the bodys oxygen demand

brainstem

red blood cells transport

oxygen in their hemogloin

what does the peripheral chemoreceprots maintain

resp. drive

where are the peripheral chemoreceptors

aortic arch and carotid arteries

where are the central chemoreceptors located

medulla oblongata

when peripheral chemoreceptors sense changes in blood they signals are sent to

central chemoreceptors

where do the chemoreceptors send signals to alter blood levels in oxygen

pulmonary system

lung complinace

lung can expand in response to increased pressure within alveoli

airway resistance

pressure of tissues in airway

air breathed in after inspiration

inspiratory reserve volume,

tidal volume

air inspired and expired with each breath

residual volume

air remaining in the alveoli after epiration

forced vital capacity

air that can be expelled from the lungs in one second

vital capacity

max amount of air expelled after max inspriation

total lung capacity

air remaining in the lungs after max inspriation

pulmonary circulation

deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs, to gas exchange and then into systemic circulation

blood leaving right ventricle of heart is

deoxygenated

where does blood go after right ventricle

pulmonary artery/ capillaires to be oxygenated

where does blood go after pulmonary capillaires

left atrium or heart

where does blood go after left atriym

left vebtricle and to aorta send deoxygenated blood to the lungs

diastole

relaxation phase of cardiac cycle, chambers of heart fill with blood

systole

contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, blood pumped into aorta and pulmoary arteries

cardiac output

volume of blood ejected by heart ventricles in one minute

normal expected cardiac output range

3-6 l/ min

stoke volume

volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during one contraction

perload

blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of diastole causing a stretch

afterload

amout of resistance or force when heart ejects blood from left ventricle

contractility

force required to eject blood from left ventricle

electrical conduction of the heart

SA node

where is the SA node

wall of right atrium

pacemaker of the heart

SA node

tactile fremitus

vibration in the chest wall during palpation

pleural effusion

buildup of fluid in pleural spce

pneumothorax

air in pleural space causing lung to collapse

hypoxemia

low amount of oxygen in the blood

hypoxia

below the expected level of oxygen in body tissue

regurgitaion

leaking heart valves that do not close

stenosis

narrowing of heart valve

risk factors of heart disease

diet high in saturated fats, smoking 25 years, sedentary lifestyle

ringing in the ears can mean

oxygen toxicity

what can cause hypoxia

smoke inhalation

left sided heart faliure has what type of lung sounds

crackles

if someone has heart diease and a narrowed valve they would have

stenosis

a fib is caused by

electrical signals outside the SA node

sequence of transmission of electrical impluses

SA, AV, BUNDLE OF HIS, R/L BUNDLE, PURKINJIE FIBERS

when performing chest percussion therapy on somone what should you listen for

hollow sounds

What is an expected finding of COPD

clubbing of the fingers