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G. Hardy and W. Weinberg
1908
frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation if population is stable and in genetic equilibrium
Genetic equilibrium
no change
frequencies of certain traits will remain same
Microevolution
change present
frequencies of traits change over time (short period)
5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
A large breeding population
Random mating
No change in allelic frequency due to mutations
No immigration (coming in) or emigration (leaving)
No natural selection
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
p + q = 1.00
p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele
values referred to as allele frequencies
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.00
frequencies b/w 0.00-1.00