AQA GCSE PE Paper 1 Revision Vocabulary

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering skeletal functions, muscle systems, cardiovascular health, training principles, and biomechanics for the AQA GCSE PE Paper 1.

Skeletal System Functions

Support, posture, protection, movement, blood cell production, and storage of minerals.

Synovial Joint Structures

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid, joint capsule, bursae, cartilage, and ligaments.

Hinge Joint

A type of synovial joint found at the elbow, knee, and ankle.

Ball and Socket Joint

A type of synovial joint found at the hip and shoulder.

Agonists and Antagonists

Pairs of muscles that work together to create movement at a joint.

Isometric Contraction

A type of muscle work where the muscle stays the same length during contraction.

Isotonic Contraction

A type of muscle work where the muscle changes length, categorized as concentric (shortening) or eccentric (lengthening).

Pathway of Air

Mouth/nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli.

Gaseous Exchange Features

Large surface area of alveoli, moist thin walls (one cell thick), short diffusion pathway, and large blood supply from lots of capillaries.

Redistribution of Blood

The movement of blood during exercise through vasoconstriction (narrowing) and vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels.

Pulmonary Artery

The vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Pulmonary Vein

The vessel that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium.

High Altitude Training

Training in environments with less oxygen to stimulate the body to produce more red blood cells.

Training Seasons

Pre-season/preparation, competition/peak/playing season, and post-season/transition.

DOMS

Delayed onset of muscle soreness, which can be prevented by cooling down, ice baths, or massage.

Quantitative Data

Data that deals with numbers, often collected via questionnaires and surveys.

Qualitative Data

Data that deals with descriptions, often collected via interviews and observations.

SPORT

The principles of training: Specificity, Progressive overload, Reversibility, and Tedium.

FITT

The principles of training: Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type.

Maximum Heart Rate

Calculated using the formula $220 - \text{age}$.

Aerobic Training Zone

Heart rate range calculated as $60-80\%$ of the maximum heart rate.

Anaerobic Training Zone

Heart rate range calculated as $80-90\%$ of the maximum heart rate.

Tidal Volume

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath at rest.

EPOC

Excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption, which is caused by anaerobic exercise.

Mechanical Advantage

The ratio calculated using the formula $\frac{\text{effort arm}}{\text{weight (resistance) arm}}$.

Planes of Movement

Frontal, transverse, and sagittal.

Axes of Movement

Longitudinal, transverse, and sagittal.