US History final

Fugitive Slave Law

Required return of escaped enslaved people

Forced even Northerners to support slavery

👉 Increased tension between North and South

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Let territories decide slavery (popular sovereignty)

👉 Led to violence → Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

Pro- and anti-slavery groups fighting

👉 Shows slavery conflict turning violent

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Enslaved people not citizens

Congress cannot ban slavery in territories

👉 Strengthens slavery

angers North

Election of 1860

Lincoln elected without Southern support

👉 South fears losing power → secession

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed enslaved people in Confederate states

👉 Turns war into fight against slavery

Thirteenth Amendment

Ends slavery everywhere in U.S.

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina tries to ignore federal law

👉 Shows tension over state vs federal power

Trail of Tears

Native Americans forced west

👉 Shows government power and expansion

Market Revolution

Shift to factories

transportation

👉 Changes economy and society

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery

👉 Increases sectional conflict

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

Growing tensions between North and South

Slavery is central issue

Fugitive Slave Law → anger in North

Kansas-Nebraska Act → conflict spreads

Bleeding Kansas → violence

Dred Scott → slavery protected

Election of 1860 → South reacts

Political

legal

DEVELOPMENT OF SLAVERY / CONFLICT

Slavery becomes major dividing issue

Expansion of slavery into territories

Abolitionism grows

Laws + court decisions support slavery

Increasing tension

Conflict becomes unavoidable

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POWER

Debate over federal vs state power

Nullification Crisis → states challenge federal gov

Fugitive Slave Law → federal power enforced

Dred Scott → federal protection of slavery

Conflict over power contributes to division

SOCIAL CHANGE / REFORM (backup)

1800s saw major social changes

Market Revolution changes economy

Reform movements (abolition

temperance)

Nativism shows backlash

Society becomes more divided