James IS test

identify the layers of the geosphere

1. Atmosphere

2. crust

3. upper mantle

4. lower mantle

5. outer core

6. inner core

composition of layers of the geosphere

Inner Core- solid iron and nickel

outer core-liquid iron and nickel

mantle- iron and magnesium rich rock

crust- rocks and minerals

the state of the atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness

weather

the average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity, and precipitation

climate

a moderate degree of wetness especially of the atmosphere

humidity

scientific tool used to measure air pressure

barometer

layers of the atmosphere

1. exosphere

2. thermosphere

3. mesosphere

4. stratosphere

5. troposphere

in which layer of the atmosphere would smog be found?

the troposphere

What layer contains the ozone layer?

The stratosphere

What is the purpose of the ozone layer?

To absorb harmful UV radiation

Gasses found in the atmosphere

Nitrogen- 78%

Oxygen-21%

Other Gasses-1%

Causes of temperature increase in the atmosphere

Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, the albedo effect

How is sunlight reflected and absorbed?

71% of sunlight is absorbed, causing the molecules of the object or surface it strikes to vibrate faster, increasing its temperature. This energy is then re-radiated by the Earth as longwave, infrared radiation, also known as heat.

29% of sunlight is reflected, meaning incoming solar radiation bounces back from an object or surface that it strikes in the atmosphere and is not transformed into heat

how does temperature change with height?

temperature decreases as height increases

what are the two types of earthquake waves?

body waves (primary and secondary) and surface waves (love and Rayleigh)

vibrations produced by earthquakes, explosions, or other high-energy sources that travel within the Earth or along its surface

Seismic waves

Which seismic wave cannot move through liquid?

secondary waves

the point within the Earth where the seismic activity originates

Focus of an earthquake

the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus

Epicenter of an earthquake

instrument that records earthquakes

Seismograph

Identify the epicenter and focus of an earthquake

1. epicenter

2. focus

what is the break in rock formatin caused by stress?

fracture

what is the landmass that existed 250 million years ago?

Pangea

What evidence convinced scientists that the crust of the Earth is moving?

Seafloor spreading and magnetic striping in the ocean floor

Where is the lithosphere found?

The crust and part of the upper mantle

how do the plates of the lithosphere move?

a combination of Earth's internal heat and gravity

where is the asthenosphere?

The mantle, found right below the lithosphere