digestive hormones/accesory glands

What is a hormone?

substance produced by one set of cells: travels through the blood and affects another set of cells

Three hormones in digestive system?

gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin

Gastrin production triggered by?

proteins, see, smell, taste

Gastrin secreted from?

lower part of stomach

What happens after gastrin secreted?

travels via blood into upper stomach

Receptors for gastrin located ___

on gastric cells of upper stomach

Hormone detection of gastrin triggers release of ___

gastric juice (HCl + pepsinogen)

End result of gastrin?

increased [pepsin], increased protein breakdown

Secretin production triggered by?

acid chyme in duodenum (from stomach)

Secretin secreted by?

wall of duodenum

Secreted secretin stimulates ___ to release ___

pancreas; digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

End result of secretin?

enzymes digest chyme and bicarbonate neutralizes acid

Cholecystokinin stimulated by?

Fat and protein in duodenum (more by fat)

Cholecystokinin secreted by?

wall of duodenum

Where are the receptors for cholecystokinin located?

pancreas and gallbladder

Cholecystokinin stimulates

digestive enzymes from pancreas and gallbladder contraction for bile into duodenum

End result of cholecystokinin?

digestion of acid chime in duodenum

What are the accessory organs/glands for digestion?

pancreas, liver

Why is it called accessory organs/glands?

not part of tube that travels through digestion system, but secretes things in to help

What are the three things pancreas produces?

bicarbonate, digestive enzymes, hormones

The hormones pancreas produces are ___ , and the two are ___ to each other?

Insulin and Glucagon; antagonistic

The two hormones pancreas produces help___?

Maintain homeostasis of blood sugar

When is insulin produced?

when blood sugar is high

Purpose of insulin?

allow cells to take up glucose from blood, lowering blood sugar level

When is glucagon produced?

when blood sugar is low

Purpose of glucagon?

stimulates liver/muscles to undergo gluconeogenesis (breaking stored glycogen into glucose)

How does liver function relate to red blood cells?

destroys old red blood cells, hemoglobin becoming bilirubin which turns into bile that liver produces, stored in gallbladder

Liver stores ___ as ___

glucose; glycogen

Liver produces ___ from breaking down ___. This is called ___

urea; amino acids; delamination

How is liver function related to water swelling in belly?

makes blood proteins like solute albumin to increase osmotic pressure in blood

Liver and alcohol?

Liver detoxifies blood

6 functions liver

1. Destroys old red blood cells

2. Produce bile (stored in gallbladder)

3. Stores glucose as glycogen

4. Produce urea from amino acid breakdown (Deanimation)

5. Make blood proteins (e.g. Albumin to increase osmotic pressure in blood)

6. Detoxifies blood