Disorders Final

Final Flashcards!

Sex

Biological construct

Gender

Exists on a continuum

Gender Dysphoria

Conflict between gender assignment and gender expression

What is NOT gender dysphoria

Indicator of gender non-conformity/ Indicator of non-heterosexual orientation/ Transvestic Disorder

Epidemiology & Etiology of Gender Dysphoria

<1% of population/ More natal males than females affected/ very little known about etiology

Gender Dysphoria Treatment options

Do nothing/ hormone blockers/ cross-sex hormones/ gender confirmation surgery

Paraphilia per DSM-5

“Any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with… physically mature, consenting human partners.”

fetishism

Objects/ non-genital body parts

transvestism

cross-dressing

Exhibitionism

Exposing genitals to strangers

Voyeurism

Observing others undressing/ engaged in sexual activity

frotteurism

rubbing/ touching others

pedophilia

sexual contact with prepubescent children

Sadism

Inflicting physical or psychological pain

maschism

Being humiliated/ bound/ suffering

Epidemiology of Paraphilia

Varies greatly/ more common among men

Etiology of paraphilia

not much known and may vary

Paraphilia treatment

social skills training/ extinction (CS without UCS)/ Psychoeducation RE alternative sexual behavior

What popular nightclub drug is actually horse tranquilizer?

Ketamine

In order of physical addictiveness (least to most)

Marijuana, heroin, nicotine

which drug carried a greater chance of fatal overdose- alcohol or LSD

Alcohol

Psychological dependence

Feel uncomfortable when the drug is not easily accessible

physical dependence

you body physiologically adapts to the presence of the drug

Indicators of physical dependence

higher tolerence/ characteristic withdrawal syndrome/ using a closely related substance

Is alcohol a CNS depressant

Yes it depresses the centra nervous system

One-year prevalence

The number of people who have a given condition during a 12-month period

One-year prevalence of problematic alcohol use

10% - men

5% - women

short term effects of CNS depressants

feelings of happiness, feelings of disinhibition, poorer judgement, poorer concentration

Long term effects of alcohol use

physical dependence/ depression

Physical problems with alcohol use

heart disease, cancer, testicular atrophy, liver cirrhosis, malnutrition

Fetal alcohol effects

developmental delays/ sensory deficits/ motor deficits/ intellectual disability

factors that VARY the effect of FAS

fetal age at time of exposure/ luck/ mother’s drinking pattern/ mother’s nutrition

CNS stimulant: Amphetamine

Mechanism of action: Block reuptake of dopamine
Effects : energized & euphoric, as well as psychosis

Hallucinogens: Ketamine

Mechanism of action: blocks glutamate receptors
Effects: Feelings of disconnection from body

Club drugs: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Mechanism of action: Releases serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) & DA

Effects: Increased feelings of empathy and goodwill towards others

Club Drugs: Gamma-hydroxybutrate (GHB)

Probably a sedative; May experience feelings of relaxation & euphoria

Club Drugs: Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol, Roffies)

CNS Depressant - benzodiaepine

Substance Prevention: harm reduction approaches

Address problems associated with substance use not the direct use

substance treatment: motivational interviewing

approach to behavior change/ aims to develop/enhance motivation to change/ goal directed/ accept the user wherever they are at

Schizophrenia primary characteristics

Problems in cognition, personality disintegration, social withdrawal

Schizophrenia Epidemiology

1% of the population/ equally in men and women/ age at onset

Schizophrenia Positive Hallmark symptoms

Delusions: false personal belief (EX: Man killed bookkeeper bc he believed she was not paying him for janitorial work)

Types of delusions

grandeur/ control/ persecution/ reference/ capgras syndrome

hallucinations

perceptions that are not attributable to environmental stimuli

the five senses

Auditory/ olfactory/ gustatory/ visual/ tactile

loose associations

Continual shifting of thoughts without any logical connection between them

Tangentiality

Drifting off a topic of conversation without returning to one’s original point

word salad

words juxtaposed in illogical ways

Neologisms

new words formed by combining words in common usage

clang associations

associating words according to rhyme rather than meaning

Schizophrenia Hallmark symptoms: negative

flat affect/ alogia/ avolition/ anhedonia

Course of schizophrenia

prodromal/ active/ residual