Apush unit 3 terms and events

French and Indian War(7years war)

war between the French and british regarding Ohio River valley territory

French formed alliance with Huron and Algonquin peoples

British established Albany Congress to form alliance with Iroquis

British won war due to bigger numbers and gained more territory. French ceded land to Spain.

Put Britain in debt

Albany Plan of Union

Failed attempt by Benjamin Franklin to unite colonies under a council in order to raise taxes to create defense and make alliances with American Indians. Colonial leaders and great Britain resisted because they didn't want power taken away from them.

Pontiacs Rebellion/War

1763

Various American Indian nations United against British control of their land(after 7 years war)

Not supported by Brittain

Proclomation of 1763

Forbade colonists from migrating beyond Appalachian mountains in an effort to stop spending

Navigation acts

forced colonies to trade only with Britain, taxed goods in british ports

Quartering act

forced colonies to house British soldiers

British soldiers enforced policies such as the navigation acts

Sugar act(1764)

stronger enforcement of laws prohibiting smuggling

decreased tax on imported goods

Currency Act(1764)

required colonies to use British money, colonial merchants suffered economic hardship while British benefitted

Stamp act(1765)

taxed paper items, first direct tax on colonies, caused concerns about “no taxation without representation”

Virtual representation

idea that the British Parliament represented all British subjects

Sons of liberty & daughters of liberty

groups formed in opposition to navigation acts, made up of merchants and artisans who fought for the repeal of the stamp act

spread info through committees of correspondence which spread the idea that parliament was infringing on colonial rights

Stamp Act Congress

Congress made up of delegates from 9 colonies who petitioned for parliament to repeal the stamp act

Declaratory Act

After the repeal of the stamp act Congress passed this act to declare their power to pass any act

Townshend Acts(1767)

tax on common items, sparked boycotts of British goods(lead by women)

Boston Massacre(1770)

outbreak sparked by colonial protest of taxes lead British soldiers to kill five people, colonials use this as evidence of British tyranny, parliament later repealed the Townshend acts

Boston Tea Party(1773)

British passed a tea act which gave control of tea products to the east India company. The loss of control sparked opposition from colonists, causing them to throw tea into the sea dressed as American indians

Coercive Acts(1774)

-closed Boston harbor until tea loss was repaid

-new quartering act required colonists to house more soldiers who enforced the acts

The First Continental Congress

Delegates from all colonies except Georgia convened in 1774 to discuss grievances and solutions. Agreed to boycott British goods until their grievances were addressed.

Formed a Continental Asccociation that set up government-like committees in towns to enforce boycotts.

Shot Heard around the World

British sent troops to confiscate weapons in hopes of easily stopping violence. They were confronted by minutemen in Lexington where the first shot was fired. They were forced to retreat when confronted with a large militia in Concord.

Opposition to the revolutionary war

• Loyalists included government officials, devout Anglicans, merchants dependent on trade with England, religious and ethnic minorities who feared persecution by the rebels

• Quakers were pacifist and didn't support war

• Many enslaved people believed their chances for liberty were better with the British than with the colonists

• Increase in slave insurrections dampened some Southerners' enthusiasm for revolution

The Second Continental Congress

Preparation for war: printing money, creating government offices, chose George Washington as leader of the army

John Dickinson pushed for avoidance of armed conflict with the Olive Branch Petition, but it was ignored by King George the lll as he already considered colonists traitors

Common Sense

Pusblished by Thomas Paine in 1776, advocated colonial independence and republicanism instead of monarchy. Made enlightenment ideas easily understandable and had a large role in gaining support for patriots.