Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering basic ICT terminology, hardware, software, networking, and keyboard shortcuts as presented in the lecture notes.

Mobile Network Operator

An organization that offers mobile communication services to subscribers or customers.

Algorithm

A set of sequential actions performed to solve a specific problem.

Virtual Reality (VR)

A technology that creates a complete artificial environment by combining digital data with the real world.

Internet

A computer network operating on an international scale.

Software Categories

The three main classifications of software: system, application, and instrumental.

Electronic Mail (E-mail)

The first and most widely distributed service of the Internet.

Bit

The smallest unit of information measurement.

Byte

A unit of information equal to $8$ bits.

Kilobyte (KB)

A unit of information equal to $1024$ bytes.

Megabyte (MB)

A unit of information equal to $1024$ kilobytes.

Cloud Computing

A technology for using remote server resources over the internet to store and process data.

IoT (Internet of Things)

A technology allowing connection and data exchange between everyday objects and devices via the internet.

Operating System

Software that manages the operation of computer hardware and programs while providing a connection between the user and the hardware.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The hardware component that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary memory that stores data and programs currently in use; its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.

Hard Disk (HDD)

The main device for long-term data storage in a computer.

Controller

Special electronic circuits on the motherboard that manage the operation of various devices such as the monitor and keyboard.

Scanner

A device that analyzes an object (image, slide, photo) and transfers a digital copy to the computer.

Browser

Specialized programs, such as Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Opera, used to access the WWW service on the internet.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

The unique address of a web page on the internet, such as $http://www.google.com$.

Protocol

A set of rules defining the format and procedure for transferring data between computers.

Domain Extension '.gov'

A suffix in a domain name indicating that the website belongs to a government organization.

Domain Extension '.edu'

A suffix in a domain name indicating that the website belongs to an educational institution.

Domain Extension '.org'

A suffix in a domain name indicating that the website belongs to a non-profit organization.

Search Engine

A specialized web page, like www.ziyonet.uz, used to search for information on the internet.

Multimedia

A combination of text, images, sound, video, and animation used in electronic documents.

Hyperlink

An electronic reference that links one information object to another or points to a part of a web page.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The development of systems or computers capable of thinking, learning, and making decisions like humans.

Electronic Document

Information confirmed by a digital signature that has the same legal validity as a paper document.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network connecting computers within a single building or a small nearby area.

Global Area Network (WAN)

A network capable of connecting computers across different countries world-wide.

Control + S

A keyboard shortcut used to save the current document.

Control + C

A keyboard shortcut used to copy the selected text or object to the clipboard.

Control + V

A keyboard shortcut used to paste the copied content from the clipboard.

Control + X

A keyboard shortcut used to cut the selected text or object.

Control + F

A keyboard shortcut used to open the search or find window in a document.

Control + H

A keyboard shortcut used to replace text in a document.

Control + A

A keyboard shortcut used to select the entire contents of a document.

Control + P

A keyboard shortcut used to print the current document.

Shift + F3

A keyboard shortcut used to toggle between uppercase and lowercase letters in Microsoft Word.

Alt + Tab

A keyboard shortcut used to switch between currently open windows.

Excel Formula: $=7^2$

An expression that results in the value $49$.

Excel Formula: $=7\%$

An expression that results in the value $0.07$.

Electronic Textbook

An officially approved electronic educational publication that can partially or fully replace a physical textbook.

Big Data

The process of collecting, storing, and analyzing large volumes of information to obtain new knowledge.