ACCELERATED United States History Ms. Whyte Study Guide: Civil Rights

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key events, people, organizations, and legal cases of the American Civil Rights movement as presented in the study guide.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States until the mid-$20$th century.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A formative civil rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating starting in $1955$.

Selma to Montgomery March

A series of three protest marches held in $1965$ to advocate for the voting rights of African Americans.

Edmund Pettus Bridge

The site in Selma, Alabama, where peaceful marchers were attacked by law enforcement during the first Selma to Montgomery march.

Bloody Sunday

The event on March $7$, $1965$, in which peaceful civil rights marchers were brutally attacked by state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

Six Children's March

Refers to the Children's Crusade of $1963$ in Birmingham, Alabama, where children marched to protest segregation and were met with police force.

March on Washington

A massive $1963$ protest for Jobs and Freedom where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his most famous speech.

I Have A Dream

The iconic public speech delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in $1963$.

The Great Society

The domestic policy initiative launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.

War on Poverty

The centerpiece of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program, aimed at reducing the poverty rate in the United States.

Stonewall Riots

A series of spontaneous protests by members of the LGBTQ+ community in response to a police raid that began on June $28$, $1969$, at the Stonewall Inn.

Occupation of Alcatraz

An $18$-month long protest starting in $1969$ where Native Americans took over Alcatraz Island to reclaim the land and highlight indigenous issues.

Reaganonmics

The economic policies of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, characterized by supply-side economics and tax cuts.

National Organization for Women

An American feminist organization founded in $1966$ that promotes equal rights for women.

American Indian Movement

An American Indian advocacy group organized in $1968$ to address issues of sovereignty, leadership, and treaties.

Black Panthers

A revolutionary political organization founded in $1966$ to monitor police behavior and provide social programs in African American communities.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

An African American civil rights organization closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

One of the major American Civil Rights Movement organizations of the $1960$s, emerging from student-led sit-ins.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a civil rights organization formed in $1909$ to advance justice for African Americans.

American Civil Liberties Union (ACL)

An organization founded in $1920$ to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the United States.

Black Nationalism

A type of political and social movement advocating for the self-determination and separate identity of Black people.

Black Lives Matter

A contemporary decentralized political and social movement seeking to highlight racism, discrimination, and inequality experienced by Black people.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

The $1896$ Supreme Court case that established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, upholding state racial segregation laws.

Brown vs. Board of Education

The $1954$ Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was inherently unequal and unconstitutional.

Equal Pay Act

A $1963$ United States federal law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A landmark civil rights and labor law that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Legislation, also known as the Fair Housing Act, that prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

Voting Act 1965

A landmark piece of federal legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting.

Gun Control Rights 1968

Likely referring to the Gun Control Act of $1968$, which regulated interstate commerce in firearms by prohibiting transfers except among licensed manufacturers and dealers.

Equal Rights Amendment 1972

A proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

Equal Opportunity Act 1972

Legislation that gave the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) authority to sue in federal courts to eliminate employment discrimination.

Roe V Wade 1973

A landmark decision in which the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution protects a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion.

Dobbs vs. Jackson 2022

The Supreme Court case that overturned Roe v. Wade, ruling that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion.

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life.

Obergefell vs Hodges, 2015

A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples.

Redlining

A discriminatory practice in which services are withheld from customers residing in neighborhoods classified as 'hazardous' to investment, often based on race.

Civil Liberties Act of 1988

A federal law that granted reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned by the United States government during World War II.

The Warren Court

The period when Earl Warren served as Chief Justice, known for expanding civil rights, civil liberties, and judicial power.

Korematsu vs. United States

The $1944$ Supreme Court case that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II as a matter of military necessity.

WOKE

A term originating in African American Vernacular English meaning 'alert to racial prejudice and discrimination.'

Scottsboro Boys

Nine African American teenagers falsely accused of raping two white women in Alabama in $1931$, leading to famous legal battles.

De Jure Segregation

Segregation that is mandated and enforced by law.

De Facto Segregation

Segregation that exists in practice and custom, though not legally ordained by law.