CSP Networking

Internet

System of interconnected computer networks that uses protocols like IP to link devices globally.

Protocol

Set of procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices.

Network

Group of interconnected electronic devices that send and receive data.

Bitrate

Amount of data processed or transferred in a segment of time.

Bandwidth

The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path, measured in bits per second.

Latency

The time it takes for a packet of data to travel from its source to destination.

Router

Device that sends packets between computer networks and chooses a path from source to destination.

Computing Devices

Electronic devices that can process data and perform computations, such as computers and smartphones.

Input Devices

Hardware devices used to send data to a computer or computing system, such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones.

Output Devices

Hardware devices used to present information from a computer to a user, such as monitors, printers, and speakers.

Storage Devices

Computer hardware used for storing, carrying, and extracting data files, such as hard drives, SSDs, USB drives, and memory cards.

Computing Systems

Complete, functional computers including hardware, operating systems, and software, designed to perform a set of tasks.

Computer Network

A set of computers sharing resources connected by network devices like routers and switches.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Protocol that provides addressing and routing of data packets across the internet, defining how data should be addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

IP Address

Unique numerical label assigned to each device on a network that acts as a digital address, enabling data packets to be routed to the correct destination.

IPv6

Network protocol that defines how to address and route internet traffic using a 128-bit address, designed to accommodate the growing number of devices.

URL

Web address that specifies the location of a resource on the internet.

Domain

Group of computers or networks managed as a single unit.

HTTP

Protocol used for transferring web pages and data across the internet.

HTTP Request

A message sent by a web browser to a server to request access to a resource, such as a webpage, image, or data.

HTTP Response

A message sent by a server back to a web browser answering the HTTP request, providing the requested resource such as an HTML file, image, or data.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language — the standard markup language used to structure web pages and inform browsers how to display content.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Distributed system that translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites without memorizing the IP address.

Digital Information

Data represented in binary format that computers can store and manipulate, breaking down complex information into discrete bits.

Routing

The process of finding and selecting paths for data packets to travel across the internet from source to destination.

Redundancy

Duplication of extra components like paths and routers that increase fault tolerance and reliability.

Packets

Small units of data transmitted over a network.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that performs error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered, often slower due to error-checking.

UDP

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets — fast but unreliable.

Sequential Programming

A computational model where operations are performed in order, one at a time, on a single processor.

Parallel and Distributed Programming

A computational model where a program is split into smaller operations performed simultaneously on multiple processors.

DNS Spoofing

Faking a website's address to trick users into visiting a fake site.

DDoS Attack

Overwhelming a system with traffic from many sources to shut it down.

Cybersecurity

Protecting computer systems and networks from digital attacks.

Cybercrime

Illegal activities committed using computers or networks.

Public Key Encryption

Using a public key to encrypt messages and a private key to decrypt them — anyone can encrypt, but only the private key holder can decrypt.

Certificate

Digital document verifying identity, often used for secure websites.

Copyright

Legal rights protecting original creative works.

Public Domain

Creative works or software not protected by intellectual property laws, free for anyone to use, modify, and share.

Crowdsourcing

The practice of getting ideas, data, or services from a large group of people via the internet.

Distributed Computing

Using multiple networked computers to solve a problem.

Scalable

The ability of a system to handle increased workload or growth efficiently without breaking.

Fault Tolerant

The ability for a system to keep working even if parts fail.

Metadata

Data that describes and gives information on other data.

World Wide Web (WWW)

The system of interlinked web pages accessed via the internet.