Gallbladder

Pathology

Cholelithiasis

Biliary stones

6 F's (gallstones)

Fat, female, fertile, flatulent, fair, forty

WES sign

GB completely filled w/ stones. Only anterior wall visualized

Cholelithiasis, gallstones

WES sign

Sludge

Viscid bile, due to biliary stasis

Gallbladder sludge

Sludge with stones

Polyps

Projection of tissue from GB wall into lumen

Most common type of gallbladder polyp

Cholesterol polyp

Polyps on anterior wall

Adenomyomatosis

Thickened wall, diverticuli (rokitansky Aschoff sinuses)

Rokitansky Aschoff sinuses

Pockets in gallbladder wall containing cholesterol crystals, causing comet-tail artifact. (Adenomyomatosis)

Adenomyomatosis

Acute cholecystitis

Sudden onset of gallbladder inflammation

Indicators for acute cholecystitis

Gall stones & positive murpheys

Acute cholecystitis

Gangrenous cholecystitis

Direct evolution of acute cholecystitis.

Focal wall necrosis

Bulges in wall

Perforation

Rupture of gallbladder wall - fatal

Perforation in gallbladder wall

Emphysematous cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis caused by "gas-forming“ infection

Mostly found in diabetic patients

Emphysematous cholecystitis

Champagne sign

Echogenic bubbles visualized on anterior wall

Emphysematous cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis

Multiple bouts of acute cholecystitis, obstruction of the cystic duct

Acalculus cholecystitis

Inflammation of gallbladder w/ no gallstones

Who is most affected by acalculus cholecystitis

Children, hospitalized patients, immunocompromised

Enlarged gallbladder

Measures more than 5 × 10 × 4

Hydropic gallbladder

Blockage of cystic duct, palpable

Hydropic gallbladder.

Courvoisier gallbladder

Biliary obstruction due to pancreatic head mass

Porcelain gallbladder

Calcified gallbladder wall

Porcelain gallbladder

Gallbladder carcinoma

Polyp measures more than 1 cm

Most common cancer of biliary tract

Gallbladder carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma