Drugs for Allergy and Respiratory Problems

These flashcards cover key concepts from the chapter on drugs for allergy and respiratory problems, focusing on treatments, actions, and effects.

What is the immune system's response in allergies?

Excessive reaction leading to an inflammatory response and hypersensitivities.

What types of drugs are used to treat allergies?

Antihistamines, leukotriene blockers, corticosteroids, and decongestants.

What are the two types of antihistamines?

Histamine H1-receptor antagonists and histamine H2-receptor antagonists.

What are common side effects of first-generation antihistamines?

Drowsiness, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention.

What is the action of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

They reduce asthma symptoms by blocking receptors for cysteinyl leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4.

Name a common leukotriene receptor antagonist.

Montelukast (Singulair).

What do decongestants do in the nasal mucosa?

They cause vasoconstriction to relieve nasal congestion.

What is the definition of asthma?

A condition involving increased inflammation, swelling, and mucus production leading to bronchiolar constriction.

What is the use of mucolytic drugs?

To decrease the thickness of respiratory secretions and facilitate expectoration.

What is the primary action of antitussives?

To depress the cough center in the brain and soothe irritated areas in the throat.

How do corticosteroids work in allergy treatment?

They reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response.

What is the role of mast cells in allergic reactions?

They release histamines and other chemicals during an allergic response.

What is rhinitis?

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often caused by allergies.

What types of allergic reactions are there?

Immediate hypersensitivity (Type I) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (Type IV).

What is the common treatment for allergic rhinitis?

Intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines.

What is anaphylaxis?

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

What is a skin prick test?

A diagnostic test used to determine allergies by exposing the skin to specific allergens.

What is immunotherapy?

A treatment that desensitizes the immune system to specific allergens over time.

What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

Administration of epinephrine.

Which medication class is used for long-term management of asthma?

Inhaled corticosteroids.

What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines?

They block H1 receptors, preventing histamine from binding.

What are the signs of an acute asthma exacerbation?

Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough.

What should a nurse monitor in a patient taking corticosteroids for allergies?

Signs of infection, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalances.

How do decongestants relieve nasal congestion?

By causing vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa.

What is the main use of intranasal corticosteroids?

To reduce inflammation and nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis.

What test is used to assess for specific allergic sensitivities?

Skin prick test.

Which medication is a leukotriene receptor antagonist?

Montelukast (Singulair).

What type of allergic reaction is associated with asthma?

Type I hypersensitivity.