Female Health and Primary Care Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards derived from lecture notes on female health across the lifespan, preventive care levels, diagnostic reasoning, and counseling methodologies.

Adolescence (Age $13-18$)

A life stage focused on puberty, mental health screenings, substance use, and STI prevention, where confidentiality and shared decision making are important.

Reproductive Years (Age $19-39$)

A life stage emphasizing reproductive planning, contraception, STI prevention, and screening for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV).

Menopausal Transition

The life stage diagnosed after $12$ consecutive months without menstruation, where cardiovascular disease becomes a leading health threat.

Post-Menopausal Era (Age $65+$)

An older adult life stage where the key focus includes osteoporosis prevention, fall assessments, functional assessments, and advanced care planning.

Well Woman Visit

A comprehensive preventive health visit characterized by four components: Screening, Laboratory & Diagnostic Testing, Evaluation & Counseling, and Immunizations.

Primary Prevention

Aims to prevent the onset of disease or injury before it occurs, such as immunizations, nutrition counseling, and folic acid supplementation.

Secondary Prevention

Focuses on early detection and asymptomatic screening to identify disease before symptoms develop, such as Pap smears, mammography, and blood pressure screening.

Tertiary Prevention

Involves management of established disease to reduce complications, disability, and progression, such as cardiac rehab or statin therapy for cardiovascular disease.

Differential Diagnosis

A list of possible conditions that could explain a patient's symptoms and findings based on history, risk factors, and pathophysiology.

Pertinent Positives

Clinical findings that support a specific diagnosis, such as dysuria and frequency supporting a diagnosis of a UTI.

Pertinent Negatives

Findings that help rule out certain diagnoses, such as the absence of flank pain making pyelonephritis less likely.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

Serious conditions that must be ruled out first in a differential, such as MI or PE in a patient presenting with chest pain.

Presumptive Diagnosis

The most likely diagnosis based on current evidence before definitive confirmation is made.

Definitive Diagnosis

A diagnosis confirmed with specific diagnostic criteria or testing, such as a positive throat culture for streptococcal pharyngitis.

SOAP Format

The standard clinical documentation method consisting of Subjective information, Objective findings, Assessment (interpretation), and Plan (management).

Chunking and Checking

A counseling methodology where information is provided in small sections and the provider pauses to assess understanding.

Teach-Back Method

A strategy where the provider asks the patient to explain information back in their own words to confirm comprehension.

Shared Decision Making (SDM)

An approach that respects patient autonomy and preferences, incorporates evidence-based care, and acknowledges medical uncertainty.

Elwyn’s Three-Step Model

A shared decision-making model consisting of Choice Talk (options exist), Option Talk (discussing alternatives), and Decision Talk (making a collaborative decision).

SHARE Approach

An acronym for Seek patient participation, Help compare options, Assess values, Reach a decision together, and Evaluate the decision.

USPSTF (United States Preventive Services Task Force)

An independent panel of experts that develops evidence-based recommendations for preventive healthcare services.

USPSTF Grade A

Indicates high certainty that the net benefit is substantial; the service is strongly recommended.

USPSTF Grade B

Indicates high certainty of a moderate net benefit or moderate certainty of a moderate to substantial net benefit; the service is recommended.

USPSTF Grade C

Indicates at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small; the service should be offered based on individual clinical judgment.

USPSTF Grade D

Indicates moderate or high certainty that the service has no benefit or that harms outweigh the benefits; the recommendation is against the service.

USPSTF Grade I

Assigned when evidence is lacking, conflicting, or inadequate to determine the balance of benefits versus harms.

Bioessentialism

The belief that biological traits alone determine differences between groups of people, which may oversimplify health disparities and reinforce stereotypes.

Trauma-Informed Care Principles

A set of six values including Safety, Trustworthiness & Transparency, Peer Support, Collaboration & Mutuality, Empowerment, and Cultural, Historical & Gender Awareness.