Vocab Ch 13

naturally occurring inorganic and a solid.

mineral

rain or snow something that falls from the sky that is H2O

Precipitation

A mineral that crystallizes in different forms because of differences in temperature or other condition.

Polymorph

A solid mass of minerals or mined like materials that occurs naturally.

Rock

A very slow process in which rocks change between igneous sedimentary and metamorphic types of rock.

Rock cycle

T-F: Geologist have so far identified about 1000 minerals

False

T-F:Minerals are formed from inorganic materials

True

T-F:Each type of mineral has a unique crystal structure.

True

T-F: Most minerals are compounds composed of one element.

False

List the five criteria a material must meet to be considered a mineral.

Inorganic, naturally occurring, solid, solid with orderly crystalline structure, and define chemical compound.

Describe the proportion of elements in minerals that contain more than one element.

They always have the same proportion.

Name a mineral that is made of only one element.

Gold.

Magma is a substance formed deep below the earth. Lava is magma above the surface.

Crystallization from magma or lava

Elemental and compounds that form as minerals can be found in solutions.

Precipitation

When a mineral is subjected to great changes in temperature or pressure.

Pressure and temperature

Some organisms form inorganic waste materials like waste.

Produced by organisms

What factor affects the size of the crystals in minerals that form from magma or lava? explain you answer.

How ht the magma or lava is and how fast it cools.

What is a vein and how does it form.

A vein is a high concentration of materials. I is formed by metals precipitating underground forming hydrothermal solutions which form narrow channels.

Name an example of mineral formed by an organism

Calcium

Rock that forms as magma cools slowly and solidifies below earth's surface is called

intrusive igneous rock.

deposition

Which of the following is not a factor in the formation of metamorphic rock

marble.

An example of metamorphic rock is

Convection currents in earths outer core and the movement of tectonic plates.

What causes rock to move and how does that movement relate to the rock cycle.

marble

Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed.

Graphite and diamond.

Name two polymorphs of carbon.

Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary.

What are the three different types of rock?

a mineral or group of minerals that is mind so that a metal can be removed from it.

ore

A method of mining in which layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource.

Strip mining

Vertical shafts are dug deep into the ground and tunnels are dug to follow deposits of the resources.

Subsurface mining

digging a large hole and removing the ore and unwanted rock that surrounds the ore and the unwanted rock that surround the ore.

Open pit mining

Forecasts are cleared and topsoils removed rock is blasted away to remove mountain tops.

Mountaintop removal

Stifling though materials in modern accent river bed deposits.

Placer mining

the concentrated mineral and wast product.

tailings

the process of extracting metal from heating the ore beyond the melting point.

Smelting

The origins of the metal tantrum are often found with the mineral columbite. It is important because it contains 2 important minerals.

Describe the origins of the metal tantalum and explain what tantalum is important.

Minning involves the breaking int the ground to gain access to miners fossil fuels or water.

What does mining involve?

Solution mining allows the least amount of crust disturbance and allows us to get the desired materials from ore.

Describe solution mining

Minerals are processed so we can gain access to the desired minerals.

Why are minerals processed?

They lead to much of the pollution associated with mining.

What are tailings and what are they so controversial?

Copper and iron

Name two metallic minerals that are mined

at the mining site.

Where does mineral processing usually begin?

The acid and the metals it causes to leach from rock that seep into the ground water or enter streams or lakes as runoff.

Acid Drainage

Since mining can supply us with valuable minerals for phones or jewelry which are expensive and popular it helps the economy. while the mines cause habitats to be temporary destroyed and miners can get lung diseases from breathing in mineral particles in the air.

In what ways can mining be both economically good and bad for a community?

Undersea mining.

Which of the following mining methods disrupts the sea floor.

Air pollution

Which impact of mining can cause respiratory diseases, such as lung cancer due to dust and particle exposure?

This created some rules to manage mining but also promoted it this allowed people to buy land fro cheap if it was for mining purposes.

General Mining Law of 1872

Governs the leasing of land for mining fossil fuel, Phosphates, sodium, and sulfur. All people who lease must pay annual rental fees and realities onto predict the extract.

Mineral Leasing Act of 1920

Coal mining companies reclaim or restore the land after mining is complete.

Surface mining control and reclamation Act of 1977

The law that regulates safety today.

Federal min safety and health Act of 1977

Made existing mines pay 4% of their profit to the government and new mines pay 8%.

Hardrock mining and reclamation act of 2009

Acid drainage* causes less biodiversity.

Describe the environmental problems that remain even after a coal mining company has reclaimed a former mining site.

USE your perants phone after they get a new one.

describe what you can do in your daily life to reduce your use of reuse or recycle minerals

We will not have to conduct so much new mining that means we would use less of an initial resources

How can reducing use reusing and recycling hep extend Earth's supply of minerals?

It takes much less energy to reuse and recycle used minerals than it does to mine new minerals.

How can reducing use reusing and recycling help save energy? How does this help address environmental issues.