SBU 102 FINAL REVIEW

Melody

A sequence of single notes played one after another (the "tune" you hum).

Harmony

When two or more notes are played together to support the melody and create a richer sound.

Name the 4 Qualities of Musical Sound.

1)Pitch: How high or low a note sounds.

2)Timbre (Tone Color): The unique quality/character of a sound.

3)Duration: How long a note is held.

4)Volume (Dynamics): How loud or soft a sound is.

Consonance vs. Dissonance

Consonance: Notes that sound pleasant, stable, and balanced (e.g., Perfect 4ths and 5ths).

Dissonance: Notes that sound tense, unstable, or clashing; they often feel like they need resolution.

Perfect 4th intervals in Sargam

Sa → Ma

Re → Pa

Ga → Dha

Ma → Ni

(These sound balanced and calm.)

Perfect 5th intervals in Sargam

Sa → Pa (The most important consonant pair in Indian Classical Music).

Re → Dha

Ga → Ni (These sound strong and very stable.)

Tetrachord

A group of four notes within a scale used to build and understand scales and ragas.

full names for the Sargam notes.

• Sa: Shadja

• Re: Rishabh

• Ga: Gandhar

• Ma: Madhyam

• Pa: Pancham

• Dha: Dhaivat

• Ni: Nishad● Ni (Nishad

the 12 notes in the Indian system including modifications.

1. Sa (Fixed)

2. Re Komal (Flat)

3. Re (Natural)

4. Ga Komal (Flat)

5. Ga (Natural)

6. Ma (Natural)

7. Ma Tivra (Sharp)

8. Pa (Fixed)

9. Dha Komal (Flat)

10. Dha (Natural)

11. Ni Komal (Flat)

12. Ni (Natural)

Raag (Raga)

A system or framework of notes used to create melody, governed by specific rules and associated with specific emotional expressions.

Ornamentation (Alankars).

• Meend (Meedh): A smooth, continuous glide from one note to another.

• Grace Note: A quick, decorative note played just before the main note.not

Thaat and what are the two note modifications?

A parent scale used to classify ragas (you should know the first 5).

• Komal: Flat note.

• Tivra: Sharp note.

first 5 ragas

Bilawal (The Major Scale)

Kalyan

Khamaj

Bhairav

Kafi

Define the two main Registers.

Mandra Saptak: Lower Register (deeper, lower notes).

Taar Saptak: Higher Register (higher-pitched notes).

What is Taal and what are the specifics of Roopak Taal?

Taal: Rhythmic cycles with a specific number of beats.

• Roopak Taal: A 7-beat cycle.

Classical Music vs. Bollywood Music.

Classical: Focuses on art, discipline, and structure; follows strict rules of Raag and Taal.

Bollywood: Focuses on entertainment and audience appeal; flexible and blends different styles.

famous male and female Bollywood singer.

Mohammed Rafi

Lata Mangeshkar

Meend (Midh) Example

Pa —> Ga

Kan (Grace Note) Example

(Re)^Ga

Taal names + # of beats

Dadra: 6 Beats

Roopak:7 Beats

Kaharwa: 8 Beats

Jhaptal: 10 Beats

Ektal:12 Beats

Teental:16 Beats

Roopak Taal

• Vibhags (Sections): 3 sections divided as 3, 2, 2

• The Theka (Bol): * 1 (Tin) | 2 (Tin) | 3 (Na) | 4 (Dhi) | 5 (Na) | 6 (Dhi) | 7 (Na)