Art Appreciation Exam 2

Kathe Kollwitz

used printing to create her art
themes of her art:
artist herself
ties between mothers and children
hardships of the working class
unspeakable cruelty of war
death as a force of its own

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

created the first permanent image

Louis Daguerre

created the Daguerreotype

Eadweard Muybridge

took pictures of humans and animals in motion to understand anatomy -- first step to motion picture

George Eastman

created Kodak and the Brownie camera (held 100 exposures and cost $1)
"you push the button, we do the rest"

Robert Cornelius

took the first "selfie"

Dorothea Lange

photographer for the US Government
took photo "migrant mother"

Florence Owens Thompson

mother in "migrant mother" photograph

Why was 1826 important?

Joseph Niepce created the first permanent image -- used medium heliography -- had to be exposed for 8 hours

Why was 1839 important?

first photography of a person
Louis Daguerre created the Daguerreotype (forrunner for modern day film)
had to be exposed for up to 15 minutes or longer

Why was 1841 important?

calotype (good impression) was introduced

charcoal

made from finely grounded materials

metalpoint

conte crayon

versible crayon used to create subtle tones

chalk

soft powdered materials

pastel

colored chalk or sticks

crayon

doesnt require a fixative

fixative

spray used for a permanent bond

binder

glue like substance that holds pigment together

collage

pieces of paper, picture, fabric, etc. arragned and stuck down on supporting surface

pigment

color component of paint when mixed with color

encaustic

mixing color pigments with hot beeswax and painting with it and when it melts its permanent

fresco

permanent wall painting onto fresh wet plaster

tempera

pigments mixed with egg yolks

gesso

thick paste of animal glue tha appears as a bring white surface (primer)

oil paint

gives a rihc, vekvety type color snd takes a long time to dry

glaze

painted diluted thats transparent

impasto

thick paint that reveals the action of brush strokes

acrylic paint

water based, fast drying paint

watercolors

water soluble paint that has transparent properties

print

impression made by any method made by transfer from one place to another

edition

copy or replica of art made from a master

relief

carving out something

woodcut

block of wood cut along the grain, the block is carve so the image stands out in relief

wood engraving

line is incised into the woodblock rather than in the background being cut away from

linoleum cut/ linocut

uses linoleun as the surface, holds ink equally

intaglio

printing is done from the ink below the plate, ink is held in the grooves made on the plate

engraving

involved makes incisions into a plate that retains the ink with a burin (tool that is like a very fine chisel)

drypoint

a design is drawn on a plate eith a sharp instrument

mezzotint

allows for the creation of prints with ...

etching

uses chemical action to create incised lines

aquatint

prduces tonal effects by using acid to eat into tonal plates

photogravure

a photographic negative is transferred onto a copper plate

lithography

uses flat stone or palte with a greasy substance

screenprinting (silkscreen)

paper with screen image

monotype

image can only be made once

matrix

surface you are printing on

ground

acid resistant coating applied to a metal plate to ready it for in use of etching

registration

precise alignment of impressions made by two or more printing blocks or or plates on the same sheet of paper which printing an image in several colors

planographic

printmaking technique in which that image areas are level with the surface of the printing plates

chiaroscuro

the treatment of light and shade

daguerreotype

first practical photgraphic process created by Louis Daguerre

heliography

early photographic process producing a photoengraving on a metal plate coated with an asphalt preparation

emulsion plates

photographic plate coated with a thick photographic emulsion of gelatin containing a high concentration of very fine silver halide grains

calotype

good impression

The Brownie

camera created by George Eastman that cost 1$

edgar degas used?

pastels

dry mediums

pencil
charcoal
metalpoint
conte crayon
pastel
crayon