Urinary System

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and terms related to the urinary system, designed to aid in exam preparation.

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

Maintenance of blood volume, pH and composition, excretion of waste, regulation of blood pressure, stimulation of erythrocyte production.

What term is used for the process of urine production?

Urinogenesis.

What does the word part 'ur/o' refer to?

Urine or urinary tract.

What is the process of filtering blood in the kidneys called?

Glomerular filtration.

What are the primary waste products excreted by the kidneys?

Urine, containing urea, creatinine, and other wastes.

What does '-uria' mean?

Urine or urination.

What does 'albumin/o' refer to?

Albumin, a type of protein.

What condition does 'hematuria' refer to?

The presence of blood in urine.

What organ is responsible for the storage of urine?

Bladder.

What structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters.

What are nephron's main functions in the kidney?

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

What does 'nephr/o' mean?

Kidney.

What is the definition of 'oliguria'?

Reduced urine output.

What does 'cyst/o' refer to?

Bladder.

What is the role of the renal artery?

To supply blood to the kidneys.

What is glycosuria?

Presence of glucose in urine.

What is an indicator of kidney disease often measured by blood tests?

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

What is 'anuria'?

Absence of urine production.

What is nephrolithiasis?

The condition of having kidney stones.

What type of test is a urinalysis?

A laboratory test that examines urine.

What does 'pyuria' indicate?

Presence of pus in urine.

What process involves adding a catheter to the urinary system?

Catheterization.

What does 'renal pelvis' refer to?

The part of the kidney where urine collects before it moves to the ureter.

What is the consequence of nephrotoxic substances?

Damage or destruction of kidney cells.

What is 'urethra'?

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

What is 'polycystic kidney disease'?

A genetic disorder causing multiple cysts in the kidneys.

What does ' nephrectomy' refer to?

Surgical removal of a kidney.

What condition describes painful urination?

Dysuria.

What does the surgical term 'cystectomy' mean?

Surgical removal of the bladder.

What is the function of a nephroscope?

To visualize the interior of the kidney.

What does 'hematuria' mean?

Presence of blood in urine.

What condition does 'nephritis' refer to?

Inflammation of the kidney.

What is 'renal transplant'?

Surgical replacement of a diseased kidney with a healthy one.

What is lithotripsy?

A procedure to break up stones in the kidney or bladder.

What does 'UTI' stand for?

Urinary tract infection.

What is the purpose of hemodialysis?

To mechanically filter waste from the blood.

What does the term 'ureteroplasty' mean?

Surgical repair of the ureter.

What does 'anuria' indicate?

No urine output.

What is the definition of 'dysuria'?

Painful or difficult urination.

What does 'albuminuria' indicate?

Presence of albumin in urine.

What is 'nephrolithotomy'?

Surgical removal of kidney stones.

What does 'pyel/o' refer to?

Renal pelvis.

What is the primary factor in determining urine volume?

Fluid intake and loss.

What does 'kidney cancer' refer to?

Cancer that occurs in the kidney.

What does 'glomerul/o' mean?

Glomerulus, the capillary network in the kidney.

What does 'cystolithiasis' refer to?

Condition of bladder stones.

What role does the distal convoluted tubule play in the nephron?

Site of selective reabsorption and secretion.

What does 'turbid urine' indicate?

Presence of an abnormal substance in urine.

What is cystoscopy used for?

To visually examine the bladder and urethra.

What does 'ESWL' stand for?

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy.