Week 10 - Acute Musculoskeletal Disorders

Explain how skeletal muscle moves bones

Skeletal muscle attaches to bone via tendons and contracts to move bones in a particular direction

Explain the 2 ways the nervous systems controls the musculoskeletal system

• Sensorimotor control - through touch and temperature

• Autonomic control - altering vessel diameter

State the proper term for bone tissue

Osseous tissue

Explain osseous tissue

Strong connective tissue that is made up of a calcified mineral such as calcium phosphate.

State the 5 functions of bones

• Assist in movement

• Supports body framework and posture

• Protects other body tissues and organs

• Blood cell production

• Mineral storage

Name the 3 types of cells within bones

• Osteoblasts

• Osteocytes

• Osteoclasts

Explain the function of osteoblasts

Bone-building cells that produce and calcify collagen and proteoglycans

Explain the function of osteocytes

Mature osteoblasts that maintain bone by synthesizing new matrix

Explain the function of osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that release HCl and enzymes such as proteases to dissolve bone.

State what types of cells osteoclasts derive from

Monocyte/macrophage precursors

State the 2 types of osseous tissue and its abundance

• Compact bone - 85%

• Spongey bone - 15%

Explain compact bone

Very strong and highly organised in which lamallae form concentric rings, therefore can withstand high amounts of stress.

Explain spongey bone

Less strong and organised in which lamallae are arranged in layers known as trabeculae and contain spaces filled with red bone marrow.

Explain the periosteum

The outer layer of all bone that is highly vascular and innervated.

Explain bone remodelling

The continuous process of bone production and removal in a state of equilibrium that allows bone to adapt and cope with changes in stress and load

Explain the 3 steps of bone remodelling

1. Activation - osteoclasts production is activated by a stimulus such as load or hormones.

2. Resorption - osteoclasts resorb and leave behind a shallow and elongated cavity

3. Formation -