Chapter 19 Science Test
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43 Terms
Electric Conductor
A material through which electrons can easily move
Electric Insulator
A material through which electrons cannot easily move
Electric Discharge
The process of an unbalanced electric charge becoming balanced
Polarized
When electrons concentrate on one end of an object
Grounding
Providing a path for electric charges to flow safely into the ground
Static Charge
An unbalnced negetive or positve electric charge on an object
Electric Circuit
A closed, or complete, path which an electric current travels
The human body has how much resistance?
500,000 amps
Electric Current
The movement of electrically charged particles
Electric Resistance
A measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow in a material
Voltage
The amount of energy the source uses to move electrons through an electric circuit
Ohm’s Law
A mathematical equation that describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance
Coulomb’s Law
The more electric charge is present on two charged objects, the stronger the electric force between those charged objects will be. They are directly related. The farther apart two electric charges are, the weaker the electric force between them will be. They are inversely related.
Three ways to electrically charge an object:
Friction, Conduction, and Induction
Which one is a good conductor of electricity?
Water
Parallel Circuit
An electric circuit with more than one path, or branch, for an electric current to follow
Series Circuit
An electric circuit with only one path for an electric current to follow
Name the three Parallel Circuit Safety Devices
Fuse, Circuit Breaker, Ground-fault Circuit Interrupters
Fuse
A piece of metal that melts when there’s too much current
Circuit Breaker
A switch that expands when the current is too much, because of how hot it is, causing it to open the circuit
Ground-fault Current Interruptor
A device that senses that all the current is not flowing and breaks the circuit
True or false: Electrons flow more easily in metals than in other materials
True
Protons have…
A positve electric charge
Neutrons have…
No electric charge
Elections have…
A negative electric charge
The three parts of an atom are
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Where does the current in a circuit start from?
The negative terminal of the battery
What unit is electric current measured in?
Amperes
What are electrically charged atoms called?
Ions
When an object loses electrons, it becomes:
Positively Charged
When an object gains electrons, it becomes:
Negatively Charged
One coulomb of electrons is about
6 quintillion
Which has less resistance? Thicker wires, or thinner wires?
Thicker wires
Which has less resistance? Longer wires, or shorter wires?
Shorter wires
What is resistance measured in?
Ohms
The three basic parts of a circuit is:
A source of electric energy, electrical devices that transform electrical energy, and conductors such as wires that connect everything
Electrical devices, or appliances, convert electric energy into what?
Thermal energy or light energy
Electrical appliances are a source of what in a circuit?
Resistance
Short circuits
Any complete circuit with no resistance, it’s connected to a battery, but not to any light sources or appliances
Friction
Charge by rubbing
Conduction
The transfer of electric charge by simple touch.
Induction
The transfer of electric charge by scrambling electrons in conducting materials.
Conduction usually happens between what materials?
Metals