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One of the primary focuses of improving the health of the American people in the twenty-first century is to address:
a.
bioterrorism and global health threats.
b.
delivery of individual care and hygiene.
c.
the need for increased hospital and acute care.
d.
chronic disease and disability management.
a.
bioterrorism and global health threats.
A community is concerned about the threat of bioterrorism. Which of the following best describes the basis for this concern?
a.
Bioterrorism has the potential to dissolve community-based programs.
b.
This threat could cause the health care system to collapse.
c.
The threat of bioterrorism may divert funds from other public safety health care programs.
d.
Fear of bioterrorism will increase the need for shelters.
c. The threat of bioterrorism may divert funds from other public safety health care programs.
Which of the following describes the consequence of the successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act?
a.
Americans will pay closer attention to their health status.
b.
The majority of the population will be covered by insurance.
c.
Public health departments will need to increase the number of nursing positions.
d.
The prevalence of obesity will decrease.
b.
The majority of the population will be covered by insurance.
The public health nurse (PHN) must participate in the essential services of public health. Which of the following most accurately describes one of the essential services of public health?
a.
Monitoring health status by completing a community assessment
b.
Diagnosing and investigating health problems in the world
c.
Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues
d.
Working in law enforcement to regulate health and ensure safety
c.
Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues
A public health department is using the mission of public health as described by the Institute of Medicine when planning its health programming. Which of the following activities will most likely be implemented?
a.
Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States
b.
Providing a flu shot for an elderly person at the health department
c.
Keeping track of alternative therapies in use in the United States
d.
Keeping snake antivenom at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta
a. Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States
A public health department makes sure that the essential community-oriented health services are available in the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented?
a.
Policy development
b.
Assessment
c.
Assurance
d.
Scientific knowledge-based care
c. Assurance
7. The purpose of public health core functions is to:
a.
clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health.
b.
ensure the safety of populations in receiving quality health care.
c.
provide community-based individualized care to every person in the United States.
d.
unite public and private providers of care in a comprehensive approach to providing health care.
a.
clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health.
8. Which of the following statements about public health is accurate?
a.
Prevention of early deaths can be more effectively accomplished by medical treatment than by public health approaches.
b.
Expenditures and resources for public health have increased in recent years.
c.
Historically, gains in the health of populations have been related largely to changes in safety, sanitation, and personal behavior.
d.
Reform of the medical insurance system is the single change needed to improve the health of Americans.
c.
Historically, gains in the health of populations have been related largely to changes in safety, sanitation, and personal behavior.
A PHN collects data and monitors the health status of the population. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented?
a.
Assessment
b.
Prevention
c.
Assurance
d.
Policy development
a.
Assessment
The PHN compares the rate of teenage pregnancy in various areas of the city. Which of the core functions of public health is being implemented?
a.
Assurance
b.
Assessment
c.
Prevention
d.
Policy development
b.
Assessment
A PHN develops and implements local public health policies through partnerships with agencies, organizations, and consumers within the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being used?
a.
Assessment
b.
Prevention
c.
Assurance
d.
Policy development
d.
Policy development
A nurse provides for the availability of essential personal health services for people who would otherwise not receive health care. Which of the public health core functions is being used?
a.
Assessment
b.
Prevention
c.
Assurance
d.
Policy development
c.
Assurance
The nurse manager makes sure that the staff members who work in a local clinic are competent in their job responsibilities. Which of the public health core functions is being demonstrated?
a.
Assurance
b.
Assessment
c.
Prevention
d.
Policy development
a.
Assurance
A nurse performs activities to meet the primary goals of public health. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to complete?
a.
Ensuring that a newly diagnosed 40-year-old hypertensive man takes his medication
b.
Finding home care for a 70-year-old client recuperating from a hip replacement
c.
Conducting an infant car seat safety check
d.
Contacting a local hospice to admit a terminally ill 60-year-old woman
c.
Conducting an infant car seat safety check
A community health nurse collects data about the number and proportion of persons aged 25 or older with less than a high school education. Which of the following best describes this data?
a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
b.
Health status data
c.
Health risk factors
d.
Health care resource consumption information
a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
The PHN analyzes data related to the number and type of United States Environmental Protection Agency air quality standards that a community failed to meet. This data is an example of using which community health profile indicator?
a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
b.
Health status
c.
Health risk factor
d.
Functional status
c.
Health risk factor
a nurse is implementing quality performance standards in a public health department. Which of the following best describes the importance of this action?
a.
Quality performance standards are used to guide improvement in the public health system.
b.
Quality performance standards rigidly control public health.
c.
Quality performance standards guide administrators to monitor public health at the national level.
d.
Quality performance standards can be used as hiring guidelines for nurses.
a.
Quality performance standards are used to guide improvement in the public health system.
To better address emerging public health issues, a PHN plans to complete continuing education in this area. Which of the following content areas should be included in the course that is chosen?
a.
Leadership
b.
Ethics
c.
Communication
d.
Finance
b.
Ethics
The public health workforce should demonstrate competency in which of the following competency categories?
a.
Financial planning and management
b.
Workforce needs assessment
c.
Acute care services
d.
Curriculum development
a.
Financial planning and management
20. Public health nursing is a specialty because:
a.
it has a distinct focus and scope of practice.
b.
it must be done by a registered nurse with a master's degree.
c.
it is focused on disadvantaged citizens.
d.
it performs interventions at the acute care level.
a.
it has a distinct focus and scope of practice.
21. The necessary basic preparation for public health nursing is a(n) _____ in
a.
associate's degree
b.
baccalaureate degree
c.
master's degree
d.
Doctor of Nursing Practice degree
b.
baccalaureate degree
A PHN has been prepared at the graduate level. Which of the following activities should the practitioner be able to complete?
a.
Teach public and community health nursing
b.
Assess and intervene successfully at the aggregate level
c.
Diagnose and treat disease and have prescriptive authority
d.
Run for political office as experts in public health policy
b.
Assess and intervene successfully at the aggregate level
A PHN provides a clinic for HIV-positive citizens in the community. Which of the following best describe this activity?
a.
Primary prevention
b.
Health education
c.
Tertiary prevention
d.
Policy making
c.
Tertiary prevention
A nurse is working in the community with an aggregate/population. Who is the nurse most likely to interact with?
a.
Students in a county school system
b.
Christians around the world
c.
A patient in the intensive care unit at the local hospital
d.
People who drink coffee
a.
Students in a county school system
25. A population is best defined as a:
a.
high-risk group.
b.
those interacting within a school or institutional setting.
c.
collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic.
d.
geographical location within a community.
c.
collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic.
Population-focused practice focuses on defining the problems or needs of and implementing solutions for:
a.
individuals.
b.
aggregates.
c.
communities.
d.
geographical regions.
b.
aggregates.
A nurse is using a population focus when providing public health nursing care. Which of the following statements best describes the care that is being provided?
a.
Priority is given to the highest risk population.
b.
Direct caregiving is limited to preventive measures, such as administration of immunizations.
c.
Attention is given to the population or community as a whole, regardless of whether they do or do not access the health care system.
d.
Only populations outside institutional settings are considered.
c.
Attention is given to the population or community as a whole, regardless of whether they do or do not access the health care system.
a nurse is working in a community health nursing practice setting. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to implement?
a.
Administrating a flu shot to a client in a physician's office
b.
Conducting a flu shot clinic at a community center
c.
Performing a client assessment in a hospital
d.
Providing supervision of staff in a rehabilitation center
a.
Administrating a flu shot to a client in a physician's office
29. Which statement about community health nursing practice is correct?
a.
It focuses on the delivery of personal health services to individuals and families.
b.
It provides care to protect the health of the community as a whole.
c.
It emphasizes the setting where care is provided for clients and families.
d.
It requires a baccalaureate preparation for practice.
a.
It focuses on the delivery of personal health services to individuals and families.
A nurse is implementing community-based nursing care. Which of the following nursing interventions is the nurse most likely to complete?
a.
Assessing the health needs of a defined community
b.
Providing care to families in a community
c.
Promoting the health of an entire community
d.
Investigating environmental health problems in a community
b.
Providing care to families in a community
A nurse is conducting vision screenings on children in the school setting. Which type of nursing practice is the nurse performing?
a.
Community-oriented
b.
Public health
c.
Community health
d.
Community-based
d.Community-based
The nurse is investigating environmental health problems caused by contaminated ground water. Which of the following types of nursing practice is being
a.
Community-oriented
b.
Community-based
c.
Policy development
d.
Tertiary care
a.
Community-oriented
A public health staff nurse has a clear understanding of population-focused practice. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse most likely display?
a.
Volunteering for a local community action coalition
b.
Able to perform interventions with individuals in the community
c.
Able to improve the effectiveness of care provided
d.
Considered a PHN specialist
c.
Able to improve the effectiveness of care provided
PHNs are looking to improve population-focused care in the community. Which of the following best describes a key opportunity for the nurses to accomplish this goal?
a.
Assuming traditional nursing roles
b.
Influencing public health policy
c.
Conducting community assessments
d.
Specializing in community-based nursing practice
b.
Influencing public health policy
A local senator has proposed changes to the health care delivery system in the United States. Based on current trends, which of the following is most likely to occur?
a.
There will be new opportunities provided for public health specialists.
b.
It will result in isolated care being provided to individuals.
c.
There will be an increased emphasis in specialty care.
d.
It will increase the utilization of acute care services.
a.
There will be new opportunities provided for public health specialists.
Which of the following are considered barriers to public health nursing?
a.
The mindset that the only role for the nurse is at the bedside
b.
The structures within which nurses work and the process of role socialization within those structures
c.
Few nurses receive graduate-level preparation in the concepts and strategies of the disciplines basic to public health
d.
The steady decline in the number of job opportunities in the area
e.
The inability to equally distribute the increasing funds
a, b, c
1. In the past, population-centered nurses have been called:
a.
district nurses.
b.
almshouse nurses.
c.
soldier nurses.
d.
sisters.
a.
district nurses.
A nurse is working in a public health nursing setting. Which of the following best describes why this specialty is appealing to nurses?
a.
Interactions with wealthy contributors to secure funding
b.
Autonomy and independence of practice
c.
Ability to locate the source of diseases and cure patients
d.
Opportunities to meet a variety of people
b.
Autonomy and independence of practice
3. Current threats to health in the United States that community health nurses are faced include:
a.
diphtheria, cholera, and hepatitis.
b.
HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism.
c.
avian flu, tuberculosis (TB), and radiation.
d.
polluted water and air.
b. HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism.
4. A nurse is working to reform a program that was based on the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. Which of the following programs is the nurse most likely working on?
a.
Welfare
b.
Food Stamps
c.
Medicaid
d.
Medicare
c.
Medicaid
In early colonial North America, a colonist worked in the public health sector. Which of the following would have most likely been the focus?
a.
Establishing schools of nursing
b.
Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people
c.
Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation
d.
Developing public housing and almshouses
c.
Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation
. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service. Which of the following tasks would have most likely been the responsibility of the nurse?
a.
Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants
b.
Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home
c.
Identifying and improving environmental conditions
d.
Providing health care for merchant seamen
d.
Providing health care for merchant seamen
7. Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health included:
a.
caring for the sick, poor, and neglected in institutions and at home.
b.
using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions.
c.
writing the Elizabethan Poor Law to guarantee medical care for all.
d.
founding of the district nursing association to provide health care to needy people.
b.
using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions.
8. Lillian Wald's major contribution to public health nursing was:
a.
founding the American Nurses Association.
b.
developing the New York Training Hospital for Nurses.
c.
creating the Public Health Service.
d.
establishing the Henry Street Settlement.
d.
establishing the Henry Street Settlement.
A nurse is providing public health education based on the teachings of Lillian Wald. Which of the following topics will the nurse most likely discuss?
a.
Taking and recording blood pressures accurately
b.
Safe and sanitary baby and child care
c.
Environmental pollutants and their effects on lung disease
d.
Time management: balancing factory work and the home
b.
Safe and sanitary baby and child care
10. Nurses who provided care to people in their homes and provided that care to several people at a time were called _____ nurses.
a.
private duty
b.
visiting
c.
public health
d.
community health
b.
visiting
Neighborhood centers that provided health care, education, and social welfare programs were called:
a.
settlement houses.
b.
nursing care centers.
c.
nurse-managed clinics.
d.
public health services (PHSs).
a.
settlement houses.
12. A nurse worked in a school setting during the early twentieth century. Which of the following would have been the focus of this nurse's practice?
a.
Investigating causes of absenteeism
b.
Teaching school as well as being a nurse
c.
Promoting nursing as an autonomous practice
d.
Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to school
a.
Investigating causes of absenteeism
13. A nurse is comparing the historical practices of industrial and occupational health nurses. Which of the following would the nurse most likely note when comparing these two occupations?
a.
Industrial nurses invented new machines to streamline production of medical goods, whereas occupational health nurses provide care to employees.
b.
Industrial nurses investigated industrial injuries to improve work conditions, whereas occupational health nurses demonstrated proper body mechanics.
c.
Industrial nurses treated work related-injuries, whereas occupational health nurses care for families in their homes.
d.
Industrial nurses provided care for workers in their homes, whereas occupational health nurses care for work-related injuries.
d.
Industrial nurses provided care for workers in their homes, whereas occupational health nurses care for work-related injuries.
14. The document Visiting Nursing in the United States highlighted the fact that:
a.
nurses were trained by Boards of Education.
b.
trained nurses adequately covered less-densely populated areas.
c.
visiting nurse services were concentrated in the northeastern United States.
d.
nurses were curing diseases such as TB and typhoid fever.
c.
visiting nurse services were concentrated in the northeastern United States.
During the time when the Rural Nursing Service was operating through the American Red Cross, a nurse needed to demonstrate resourcefulness. Which of the following tasks would the nurse most likely have done?
a.
Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to substitute for hot water bottles
b.
Testing well water for pollutants
c.
Teaching school and developing curricula for rural nursing programs
d.
Providing post-surgical care
a.
Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to substitute for hot water bottles
16. Local health departments were formed in urban areas in the late 1800s to:
a.
target environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions.
b.
facilitate interdisciplinary efforts and promote "practical nursing."
c.
provide immunizations and health care services to all citizens.
d.
offer public health education to nurses who had finished basic training.
a.target environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions.
17. A nurse was involved in the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which of the following best describes the influence this has had on nursing practice today?
a.
Requiring that PHNs have a baccalaureate degree in nursing
b.
Standardizing public health nursing education
c.
Developing nursing cooperatives
d.
Opening the Henry Street Settlement
b.
Standardizing public health nursing education
18. A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association (APHA). Which of the following information about this organization should be considered when making this decision?
a.
APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profession.
b.
APHA represents concerns of nursing specialty practices.
c.
APHA provides a forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns.
d.
APHA focuses on providing health promotion education to the public.
c.
APHA provides a forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns.
19. Which statement is true about African American nurses in public health?
a.
Certificate and graduate education were more difficult to obtain.
b.
Cities were the major areas where they practiced.
c.
They often belonged to the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS).
d.
They were recruited heavily as military nurses.
a.
Certificate and graduate education were more difficult to obtain.
20. A nurse had the opportunity to work with Mary Breckinridge. Which of the following would the nurse most likely have assisted with?
a.
Establishing the Henry Street Settlement
b.
Developing health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural populations
c.
Blazing a nursing trail through the Rockies, providing nursing care to miners and their families
d.
Teaching birth control measures to large numbers of women in the South
b.
Developing health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural populations
21. A nurse is providing care to clients through the FNS. Which of the following clients would the nurse most likely have seen?
a.
An injured soldier
b.
A homebound, elderly male
c.
A woman in labor
d.
A child with measles
c.
A woman in labor
22. A major provision of the Social Security Act of 1935 was the establishment of:
22. A major provision of the Social Security Act of 1935 was the establishment of:
a.
the FNS to provide nursing service to rural communities.
b.
state and local community health services and training of personnel.
c.
district nursing to provide home health care to sick people.
d.
community-based settlement houses.
b.
state and local community health services and training of personnel
23. A student is enrolled in a nursing education program during World War II. Which of the following groups would the student most likely have joined?
a.
The Public Health Service of New York City
b.
The Marine Nurse Corps
c.
The FNS
d.
The Cadet Nurse Corps
d.
The Cadet Nurse Corps
Which of the following best describes one of the health trends that occurred in the United States between 1900 and 1955?
a.
There was a rise in chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
b.
There was a rise in communicable disease.
c.
The crude mortality rate increased dramatically.
d.
The life span after diagnosis remained the same.
a.
There was a rise in chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
1. In the United States, the majority of health care dollars are spent on:
a.
prescription drugs.
b.
hospital care.
c.
physician services.
d.
public health services (PHSs).
b.
hospital care.
2. The number of uninsured Americans has dramatically increased because:
a.
Medicare took over payment of health care costs.
b.
with a declining population, the costs for health care rose.
c.
nursing salaries greatly increased, causing health care costs to rise.
d.
health insurance coverage was dropped from employment-based health plans.
d.
health insurance coverage was dropped from employment-based health plans.
3. A nurse is working with a community to decrease the occurrence of influenza. Which of the following U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS; or simply HHS) goals is being applied?
a.
Strengthen Health Care
b.
Advance the Health, Safety, and Well-being of the American People
c.
Increase Efficiency, Transparency, Accountability, and Effectiveness of HHS Programs
d.
Advance Scientific Knowledge and Innovation
b.
Advance the Health, Safety, and Well-being of the American People
4. According to the 1999 Institute of Medicine report, as many as 98,000 deaths each year could be attributed to:
a.
cardiovascular disease.
b.
obesity.
c.
medical error.
d.
drug overdose.
c.
medical error.
5. Residents of rural communities report that they must travel for long distances to obtain health care services. As a result, they seek health care only for emergencies and severe illnesses. Which aspect of the health care system in the United States is illustrated in this situation?
a.
Access to care
b.
Cost
c.
Quality
d.
Advances in technology
a.
Access to care
6. A nurse is exploring a job opportunity at a community health center. Which of the following expectations would the nurse have about the center?
a.
Would be located in a large metropolitan area
b.
Provides care only to the economically disadvantaged
c.
Offers comprehensive primary care services and supportive services
d.
Is used for preventive services such as flu shots
c.
Offers comprehensive primary care services and supportive services
7. A nursing program has initiated a recruitment campaign focusing on increasing the minority students in its program. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this program?
a.
The number of minority versus non-minority nurses should be equal.
b.
Minority health care professionals who share the same culture with the clients may provide more effective care.
c.
The profession should be more diverse.
d.
Minority nurses can mentor other nurses when providing care for diverse populations.
b.
Minority health care professionals who share the same culture with the clients may provide more effective care.
8. A community health nurse is utilizing telehealth. Which of the following best describes the rationale for its use?
a.
Enables clients to get nursing care in their homes
b.
Substitutes for health department delivered care
c.
Improves access to care in rural areas
d.
Replaces face-to-face care for those who cannot afford it
c.
Improves access to care in rural areas
9. One of the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to:
a.
provide PHC services to everyone.
b.
prevent outbreaks of disease.
c.
prevent the transmittal of communicable disease among nations of the world.
d.
provide humanitarian support in times of disaster.
a.
provide PHC services to everyone.
10. A public health agency is considering implementing an electronic health record. Which of the following best describes one of the benefits the agency will experience?
a.
Facilitation of interprofessional care
b.
Improved client compliance with medical regimens
c.
Cost savings to the agency
d.
Compliance with the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standards
a.
Facilitation of interprofessional care
11. A nurse interacts with a 25-year-old woman at a community health center who is obtaining a gynecological examination and birth control pills. Which of the following types of care is the client receiving?
a.
Tertiary health care
b.
Public health care
c.
PHC
d.
Specialized care
c.
PHC
12. A client is receiving PHC services. Which of the following expectations would the client have?
a.
The care would be provided by a physician.
b.
Private insurance would be necessary to receive care.
c.
The emphasis of care provided would be on prevention.
d.
A referral would be made to a specialist after receiving services.
c.
The emphasis of care provided would be on prevention.
13. A nurse who was working in public health care has gotten a new job in primary care. Which of the following differences would be seen by the nurse in this new care setting?
a.
Focus on individuals
b.
Services provided by specialists
c.
Autonomy in the practice setting
d.
Community focused care is provided
Focus on individuals
14. What initiative began as a result of a resolution adopted by the WHO in 1977?
a.
Declaration of Alma Ata
b.
Medicare
c.
Healthy People
d.
PHC movement
d.
PHC movement
15. PHC in the United States:
a.
has dramatically improved since the passage of the Declaration of Alma Ata.
b.
focuses on the use of government-funded insurance programs.
c.
lacks community participation and a multidisciplinary health care delivery team.
d.
utilizes Preferred Provider Organizations to meet needs of the citizens.
c.
lacks community participation and a multidisciplinary health care delivery team.
A community health nurse reviews Healthy People 2020 when considering the health needs that will be addressed in the community. Which goal would the nurse find in this document?
a.
Promote healthy behaviors for children
b.
Cure cancer
c.
Eliminate health disparities
d.
Provide primary care to all citizens
c.
Eliminate health disparities
17. An 80-year-old woman comes to the community health center with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which statement is the best response by the nurse?
a.
"Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete."
b.
"You can get these medicines at this clinic for free."
c.
"Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to pay for these medications. I will refer you to our social worker."
d.
"These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them."
c.
"Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to pay for these medications. I will refer you to our social worker."
A nursing student is researching advanced practice nursing options. Which of the following discoveries would most likely be made by the nursing student?
a.
Nurse practitioners may work independently depending on the state practice act.
b.
Certified nurse midwives have limited prescriptive authority.
c.
Clinical nurse specialists typically provide primary care services.
d.
The Doctorate in Nursing Practice emphasizes the importance of research.
a.
Nurse practitioners may work independently depending on the state practice act.
19. A nursing student interviews a member of the local congressional district to learn more about the health care system in the United States. Which statement made by the congressman would be accurate?
a.
"Managed care was short-lived because too many consumer groups endorsed the plans."
b.
"Under managed care, clients had unlimited access to providers of their choice."
c.
"Managed care failed because Americans were used to free access to providers of their choice."
d.
"Managed care in the United States has been replaced by the Affordable Health Care for America Act."
c.
"Managed care failed because Americans were used to free access to providers of their choice."
20. The federal agency of the public health system that is most involved with the health and welfare of United States citizens is the:
a.
Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services.
b.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
c.
U. S. Public Health Service (USPHS; or simply PHS).
d.
Health Resources and Services Administration.
b.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
21. A nurse works to promote the passage of a public health law to protect the health of the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely be promoting?
a.
Requiring all persons to have health insurance coverage
b.
Administering flu shots in the late fall and early winter
c.
Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten
d.
Monitoring and licensing nuclear power plants
c.
Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten
1. Which statement regarding poverty and health insurance is true?
a.
Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance.
b.
The poor in the United States are as healthy as persons with higher incomes.
c.
Persons with money or health insurance are less likely to seek health care.
d.
The poor are more likely to receive health care through private agencies.
a.
Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance.
2. The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is called:
a.
economics.
b.
health economics.
c.
public health economics.
d.
microeconomic theory.
b.
health economics.
3. Public health economics focuses on the:
a.
use of resources.
b.
availability and usage of goods and services related to public health.
c.
scarcity of resources in the health care industry.
d.
management and use of monies to improve the health of populations.
b.
availability and usage of goods and services related to public health.
4. A nurse discusses services with a federal congressman. Which of the following services would the nurse most likely be discussing?
a.
Family planning
b.
Counseling
c.
Policy making
d.
Prevention of communicable diseases
c.
Policy making
A business offers wellness incentives to its employees and then notices a decrease in the frequency of physician visits among employees. Which of the following terms best describes what has happened?
a.
Macroeconomic theory
b.
Efficiency
c.
Supply and demand
d.
Microeconomic theory
d.
Microeconomic theory
6. A nurse is using the principles of supply and demand in daily practice. Which of the following best describes this phenomenon?
a.
The demand for nurses in public health is low, but the supply is high.
b.
Few goods or services are available, the price tends to rise.
c.
Supplies are low, nurses must find alternate resources.
d.
Lesser-developed countries receive supplies from other countries.
b.
Few goods or services are available, the price tends to rise.
7. A nurse is faced with a macroeconomics issue. Which of the following best describes what is happening?
a.
The evaluation of client access to services
b.
A health policy that makes the development of a new program possible
c.
Informing clients and others of the cost of service
d.
The referral of clients to available services
b.
A health policy that makes the development of a new program possible
A public health nurse applies the principles of the macroeconomics theory when working with a community. Which of the following best describes why this theory would be used?
a.
The nurse is concerned with factors that determine prices and affect resource allocation.
b.
The nurse is concerned with the positive effect of competitiveness on health care costs.
c.
The nurse is concerned with the supply, demand, and costs of services available to their clients.
d.
The nurse is concerned with the policies to support programs to improve the health of the community.
d.
The nurse is concerned with the policies to support programs to improve the health of the community.
9. A nurse implements a teen pregnancy prevention program in a high school that has been shown to decrease the rate of teen pregnancy. Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?
a.
Effectiveness
b.
Efficiency
c.
Microeconomics
d.
Production
a.
Effectiveness
10. A nurse conducts a class at a public health clinic on breast self-examination for a group of 50 women. Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?
a.
Supply and demand
b.
Macroeconomics theory
c.
Efficiency
d.
Effectiveness
c.
Efficiency
11. A nurse is promoting efficiency within the public health department. Which of the following describes the action the nurse would be taking?
a.
Evaluating how well a program of service achieves what was intended
b.
Trying new products provided by sales representatives
c.
Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers
d.
Setting up a clinic to look aesthetically pleasing to clients
c.
Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers
12. A nurse enrolls in a microeconomics course at a local college. Which of the following best describes the rationale for taking this course?
a.
Nurses are often the ones to allocate resources to solve a problem.
b.
Nurses are often involved in federal policy making.
c.
Health care policy can be influenced using these principles.
d.
Health care supplies can be very costly and nurses must use them wisely.
a.
Nurses are often the ones to allocate resources to solve a problem.
A nurse evaluates a smoking cessation program, the gained or increased financial income, the improvements in the community attributable to the program, and the costs that would result if the program was not offered. Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?
a.
Cost-effectiveness analysis
b.
Cost-benefit analysis
c.
Supply and demand
d.
Microeconomic theory
b.
Cost-benefit analysis
A nurse is working with members of the community to assist them with acquiring health insurance. Which of the following individuals is most likely to be uninsured?
a.
An 82-year-old woman with chronic medical problems
b.
A 2-year-old whose mother is on welfare
c.
A 50-year-old businessman who works for a large corporation
d.
A 32-year-old man who works part-time at a small business
d.
A 32-year-old man who works part-time at a small business
A nurse is examining the characteristics that affect one's health. Which of the following would be of greatest concern to the nurse?
a.
Obesity
b.
Marital status
c.
Health insurance
d.
Age
a.
Obesity
16. A community health nurse is assisting clients to access health care. Which of the following individuals would most likely experience a barrier when accessing health care?
a.
A 40-year-old female who speaks English
b.
A 25-year-old female with health insurance
c.
A 50-year-old male with hypertension
d.
A 30-year-old male who is unemployed
A 30-year-old male who is unemployed
17. A nurse plans to implement a primary prevention strategy in the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely complete?
a.
Development of a smoking prevention program
b.
Development of a support group for widows
c.
Development of a hypertension screening program
d.
Development of a hospice care program
a.
Development of a smoking prevention program
18. The first phase of development of the health care system was characterized by:
a.
the rise in technology.
b.
epidemics of infectious disease, such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria.
c.
physicians and nurses who attained their skills in scientifically based programs.
d.
an expansion of hospital clinics and long-term care facilities.
b.
epidemics of infectious disease, such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria.
19. A characterization of the fourth developmental phase of the health services delivery framework is:
a.
nurses in the United States being predominantly women.
b.
the expansion of the number and type of health care facilities.
c.
dependence on technology for patient care.
d.
the discovery and development of pharmacological advances.
dependence on technology for patient care.