Chapter 2 American History - Deriggi - Honors

1st of European powers to take major steps to explore & colonize North America

spain

Spanish commander
Sailed to Florida in 1565
Sent to colonize N.A. & eliminate the French who had colony in N.FL
Established St. Augustine
Oldest city in U.S.
Eliminated the French

Pedro Menendez de Aviles

Made 4 voyages to America
Discovered America on 1st
voyage

Christopher Columbus

•1st European to see Pacific Ocean from America (1513)

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

searching for "fountain of youth"
Sailed from Puerto Rico & reached FL
1513
Named Florida
Full of flowers

Juan Ponce
de Leon

Portuguese sea captain (sailed for Spain)
Set sail 1519 w/5 ships
Crossed Strait of Magellan
Circumnavigated globe
Killed in Philippines
1 ship returned to Spain
3 yrs. Later
Result: 1st true idea of the size of world

Ferdinand Magellan

"soldiers of fortune"
"God, gold, & glory"
Explored & conquered lands in FL, Caribbean, Mexico & So. America

Conquistador

Spanish conquistador
Heard stories of rich empire in Mexico
Army too small to defeat Aztecs
Formed alliances
Conquered Aztecs in 1520
Aztec Capital: Tenochtitlan
Present Day: Mexico City

Hernando Cortes

Spanish Conquistador
Conquered the Inca in Peru
Tricked the Inca emperor: Atahualpa into a friendly meeting, captured him, demanded lg. amts of gold & silver in exchange for freedom
Executed Atahualpa & conquered Inca's

Francisco Pizarro

Native Americans were required to mine, farm, or ranch for the Spanish
In return Spanish were supposed to protect them
Forced Native Am.
into slavery

Encomienda System

Searched for cities of gold
Explored southern U.S.
1st to cross Mississippi
Died on voyage & buried
in Mississippi

Hernando De Soto

Searched for cities of gold
1540-1542
Explored TX, OK, KS
Wanted to find rich city of Quivera

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Conquistador
Southwest
Claimed an area called New Mexico

Juan de Onate

Missionaries
Preach
Teach
Convert Native Americans to Christianity
Self-sufficient communities

Spanish Missions

Most famous English "sea dog"
1st English sea captain to sail around world
Protestant Elizabeth I authorized raids against Catholic Spain

Sir Francis Drake

Tried unsuccessfully to start a
colony on Roanoke Island in 1580's
Off coast of NC
Settlers vanished mysteriously

Sir Walter Raleigh

1st permanent English settlement in North America
60 mi. north of James River in Chesapeake Bay region
1607
Charter
Joint Stock Company ( VA Co.)

Jamestown

Leader of Jamestown
Put them on the road to recovery
Was injured by a gunpowder explosion
Had to go back to England for medical attention
Jamestown is without leadership once again

John Smith

Tobacco
Cash crop
Saved Jamestown & VA colonies
Introduced by John Rolfe
3 million lbs. of tobacco shipped to England each year

Saving Jamestown

1st Representative Legislature in the English colonies

House of Burgesses

Giving each "head" or person who came to the colony, 50 acres of land
Helped attract new settlers from England

Headright System

Those who could not afford to pay for their voyage to America
Master paid the cost of the voyage
Had to work for the master for a period of time (usually 7 yrs.) under a contract & were free

Indentured Servants

Italian who sailed for France in 1524
Searched for NW passage
Explored coast of N. America from NC to New Foundland

Giovanni daVerrazano

3 voyages to N.America
1534
1535/36
1541/42
Searching for NW passage
Explored St. Lawrence River

Jacques Cartier

Founded Quebec
1st successful French colony in North America

Samuel deChamplain

Searching for NW passage
Explored the Mississippi in hopes of it emptying into the Pacific
(empties into Gulf of Mexico)

Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette

Native American group living in the NY area
An alliance of many smaller native American groups
Successful at both war
& trade

Iroquois

Plymouth Colony
1st successful colony in New England
Founded by Pilgrims seeking religious freedom
Sailed aboard the Mayflower in 1620
Signed an agreement called the Mayflower Compact

Massachusetts

Agreement made by Pilgrims
Settlers agreed to obey all laws
This belief in self gov't would become one of the founding principles of the U.S.

Mayflower Compact

One of the men who drew up the Mayflower Compact
Governor of Plymouth Colony 1621-1656

William Bradford

Wanted to purify the Church of England
Came to America to set up own societies & escape religious persecution
Persecuted all other cultures & ideas

Puritans

Puritans who separated from Church of England

Separatists

Group of separatists who came to America

Pilgrims

A law designed to regulate commercial business on Sunday.
One of a body of laws in colonial New England designed to enforce certain moral standards and particularly to prohibit specified forms of entertainment or recreation on Sundays.

Blue Laws