FEMUR AND PELVIC GIRDLE

Longest and strongest bone

Femur

4 bones of the femur

Head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters

Head articulates with

Hip bones

Head contains a depression near its center called

Fovea Capitis

is a strong pyramidal process of bone

Neck

Great Trochanter is a?

Large prominence

Lesser trochanter is a small blunt?

Conical eminence

Trochanters joined posteriorly by a thick ridge called the

Intertrochanteric Crest

Greater Trochanter is what to the shaft?

Superiorly and Laterally

Lesser trochanter is what to the neck and shaft?

Medially and posteriorly

How many degrees is the neck to the shaft on an average adult?

125*

Depending on the width of the pelvis and the length of the lower limb how many degree added?

15*

How many degrees is the neck to the shaft on an average adult in the anatomic position?

10*

Wide pelvis and short limbs degrees

15*

Long legged degrees

5*

True AP projection of the femur and hip joint degrees

15-20*

Lesser trochanter is not Visible (internal rotation) no need rotation

True AP

Lesser trochanter is visualized cannot rotate internally

clear indication of a fracture

Pelvis 4 bones

Ossa coxae, Sacrum, 1 Cocyx, and 2 hip bones

What are the three divisions of the hipbone

Ilium, ischium, pubis

is a deep cut shaped cavity that accepts head to form hip joint

Acetabulum

The largest of the three divisions of the pelvis

Illium

Can be palpitated in the buttox

Ischial Tuberosity (sitting bone)

Head of the Fetus rests at the?

Pelvic Area

Slouching can cause pressure to the?

Coccyx tailbone

Improper posture/slouching can cause damage in the?

Sciatic nerve

bone of the hipbone that can be easily palpitated

ASIS and iliac crest

Can be a common landmark for pelvic alignment (rotation of the pelvis)

ASIS

Pubis is towards the acetabulum?

Inferior and Anterior

Illium is located to the acetabulum?

Superior

Ischium is what to the acetabulum?

Inferior and Posterior

Crest of the illium is the?

Superior margin of ala (wing)

ASIS is what to the hipbone?

Superior

Ischium is what to the acetabulum?

Inferior and posterior

illium the more inferior version and covers how many of the acetabulum

2/5

is the thin and flared superior part of the ilium.

Ala (wing)

Ala (wing) is a what part of the ilium

Superior

How many portion of the body of the ischium covers the acetabulum

posterorinferior 2/5

Lower portion of the ischium is formerly called the?

Superior ramus

Lower portion of the ischium projects? from the acetabulum

Caudally and medially

Ischial spine is what to the acetabulum?

Posterior

Ramus of the Ischium projects?

Anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity

Directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch termed the?

greater sciatic notch

Inferior to the ischial spine is a smaller notch termed the

lesser sciatic notchThe two superior rami meet in the midline to form an amphiarthrodial joint

is a large opening formed by the ramus and body of each ischium and by the pubis.

Obturator foramen

The two superior rami meet in the midline to form an amphiarthrodial joint which is called?

Pubic Symhpysis

The body of the pubis is what to the acetabulum

anterior and inferior

Eachh pubis is a

superior ramus

is a possible landmark for pelvis and hip positioning, as well as for positioning of the abdomen

The superior margin of the symphysis pubis

it is relatively narrow, it is a common site for fractures, especially in elderly patients.

Femoral Neck

Two commonly used landmarks in imaging:

• Iliac Crest

  • ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)

lies 4–5 cm below the symphysis pubis

Ischial tuberosity

lies at about the same level as the symphysis pubis

Greater trochanter

The Uterus rests at the?

False pelvis

Whats the actual birth canal?

True pelvis

It forms an oblique plane.

Pelvic Brim

• Lies above the pelvic brim

• Formed mainly by the wings of the ilium

• Supports abdominal organs

False pelvis

• Lies below the pelvic brim

  • Forms the birth canal

True pelvis

Upper opening of the true pelvis

Pelvic Inlet

Lower opening

Pelvic outlet

Birth canal Passageway

Inlet- Mid cavity - outlet

What is an xray used to measure the fetal head?

Radiographic Pelvimetry (not allowed trimester)

are generally avoided during pregnancy

Pelvic X-rays

Pelvis is Wider

• Shallower

  • Iliac bones more flared

Female

Pelvis is Narrower

• Deeper

  • Less flared

Male

Pubic arch range in females Called an obtuse angle

Greater than 90*

Pubic arch range in males Called an acute angle

Less than 90*

Inlet shape of females

Larger, More rounded

Inlet shape of Males

Smaller, Heart shaped

What joint is Located between the sacrum and ilium.

Sacroiliac Joint

What joint is located between two pubicb ones?

Symphysis Pubis

what is a temporary growth joint during development

Union of the Acetabulum

This joint allows a wide range of movement.

Hip joint

• Classified as synchondrosis

  • Becomes solid bone in adulthood

Union of the Acetabulum

• A synovial joint

  • A ball-and-socket joint

Hip Joint Structure

• Synovial joint

• Very limited movement

  • Stabilized by strong ligaments

Sacroiliac Joint

• Cartilaginous joint

• Contains a fibrocartilage disk

• Allows slight movement

  • disk is thicker in females

Symphysis Pubis