Intimate Partner Violence and Domestic Violence History

This set of flashcards covers the historical context, contemporary statistics, psychological theories, and legal frameworks surrounding domestic and intimate partner violence.

Coverture

A common law doctrine where a wife was considered to be under her husband's authority and protection and did not possess an independent legal status.

Moderate correction

The husband's common law right to control his wife as long as it resulted in no permanent physical injury.

Marital rape exception

A failure of common law to recognize rape within marriage, which the transcript notes is still an exception in Ohio.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

A contemporary term clarifying that abuse and violence within the home may involve spouses, partners, children, and relatives.

Prevalence of IPV among women

The consensus that from $1/4$ to $1/3$ of women have experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner or acquaintance.

Prevalence of IPV among men

Roughly $14\%$ of males have experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner or acquaintance.

IPV Homicide Statistic

Roughly $90\%$ of female homicide victims are killed by men with whom they have or have had a relationship.

Pregnancy and IPV

Intimate Partner Violence is the leading cause of death for pregnant women.

Economic impact of IPV

Medical costs associated with IPV exceed $\$8 \text{ billion}$ annually and cause victims to lose roughly $8 \text{ million}$ workdays a year.

Homelessness and IPV

IPV is responsible for half of homelessness among women and is the third-leading cause of homelessness overall.

Battered Women Syndrome

Lenore Walker's theory referring to a recurring cycle of violence where victims develop learned helplessness and despair.

Gradual tension building phase

The first phase of the cycle of violence where the batterer expresses verbal hostility, engages in minor physical abuse, and may mistreat pets.

Acute abuse phase

The second phase of the cycle where incidents escalate to intense violence and is the period when calls for police intervention generally happen.

Honeymoon phase

Also known as the "loving repentant" phase, the batterer apologizes, promises change, and may lavish the partner with kindness and gifts.

Survivor Theory

The theory that women who are attacked are not "helpless" but make efforts to extricate themselves, yet often lack resources or shelter.

Violence Against Women Act of $1994$ (VAWA)

A federal law making it a crime to travel across state lines to injure a partner and declaring civil protection orders enforceable across state lines.

VAWA National Hotline

The federal hotline number provided for assistance: $1 (800) 799\text{-SAFE } (7233)$.

Ohio Revised Code $2919.25$

The specific section of the ORC that contains Ohio's laws against Intimate Partner Violence.

Mandatory arrest policies

Jurisdiction rules requiring arrest for domestic violence; research shows they increased arrests of Black women by $3\times$ that of white women and led to more mutual arrests.

No-drop policies

Legal policies that obligate prosecutors to charge an individual even if the victim does not want to pursue a criminal case.

COVID-19 impact on IPV

An early meta-analysis of research on the impact of the pandemic showed an increase in rates of IPV during the pandemic.