Chapter 11 Reproductive system

Gonads

The testes and ovaries are called _.

Gynecology

The study of diseases of the female reproductive organs

Cervic/o

Cervix (Word Part)

Colp/o

Vagina (Word Part) (C)

Vagin/o

Vagina (Word Part) (V)

Gynec/o

Female (Word Part)

Hyster/o

Uterus (Word Part) (H)

Uter/o

Uterus (Word Part) (U)

Metr/o

Uterine tissue (Word Part)

Oophor/o

Ovary (Word Part) 6 letters

Ovar/o

Ovary (Word Part) 4 letters

Salping/o

Uterine tube (Word Part)

Vulv/o

Vulva (Word Part)

\-cidal

Killing (Suffix)

Vesic/o

Bladder, cyst, or sac (Word Part) (V)

Cyst/o

Bladder, cyst, or sac (Word Part) (C)

Genit/o

Genitals (Word Part)

Gonad/o

Genitals or reproduction (Word Part) 5 letters

Men/o

Month (Word Part)

-plasia

Development or formation (suffix)

Rect/o

Rectum (Word Part)

Urethr/o

Urethra (Word Part)

Urin/o

Urine (Word Part)

Vulva

The name for the external genitalia of the female reproductive system

Vaginal Speculum

An instrument that can be pushed apart after it is inserted into the vagina to allow examination of the cervix and the walls of the vagina

Pap Smear

Papanicolaou smear or test. The collection and examination of cells from the vagina anf cervix

Dysplasia

A change in the shape, growth, and number of cells

Colposcopy

Involves the use of a low-power microscope to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix

Hysteroscopy

Direct visual inspection of the cervical canal and uterine cavity, using an endoscope passed through the vagina

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

Menorrhagia

Excessive flow during menstruation

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period

Cervical polyp

Fibrous or mucous stalked tumor of the cervical mucosa

Cervicocolpitis

Inflammation of the cervix and vagina

Colpitis

Inflammation of the vagina, same as vaginitis

Endometriosis

Condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity

Endometritis

Inflammation of the endometrium

Fistula

Abnormal, tubelike passage between two internal organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Hysteroptosis

Prolapse of the uterus

Myoma

Common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

Oophoritis

An inflamed condition of an ovary

Oophorosalpingitis

Inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube

Ovarian carcinoma

Cancer of an ovary, a malignancy that is rarely detected in the early stage and usually is far advanced when diagnosed

Ovarian cyst

Sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary and is usually benign

Pelvic inflammatory disease

(PID) Infection of the upper genital organs beyond the cervix, often involving the peritoneum and intestines

Premenstrual syndrome

(PMS) Syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, head-ache, painful breasts, sleep changes, and other symptoms occurring a few days before the onset of menstruation

Salpingitis

Inflammation of a uterine tube

Salpingocele

Hernial protrusion of a uterine tube

Uterine cancer

Any malignancy of the uterus, including the cervix or endometrium. The extent of tumor spread is described, ranging from stage 0 to stage IV.

Uterine fibroid

The most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus, and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen, also called leiomyoma

Vulvitis

Inflammation of the vulva

Vitro fertilization

A method of fertilizing the ova outside the body by collecting mature ova and placing them in a dish with spermatozoa before placing them in the uterus for implantation

Coitus

The sexual union of opposite genders in which the penis is introduced into the vagina

Tubal ligation

Female sterilization where the uterine tubes are blocked

Vasectomy

Male sterilization where the vas deferens are excised bilaterally

Colpoplasty

Plastic surgery of the vagina

Colporrhaphy

Suture of the vagina

Conization of the cervix

Excision of a cone of tissue from the cervix, performed to remove a lesion from the cervix or to obtain tissue for biopsy

Dilation and curettage

(D&C) Surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening so that the uterine wall can be scraped

Endometrial ablation

Destruction of a thin layer of the uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding. Ablation means removal or destruction of a part

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus

Oophorectomy

Surgical removal of one or both ovaries

Salpingectomy

Surgical removal of a uterine tube

Salpingo-oophorectomy

Removal of an ovary and its accompanying uterine tube. Removal of both ovaries and their uterine tubes is bilateral

Salpingorrhaphy

Suture of a uterine tube

Vulvectomy

Excision of the vulva, characteristically used to treat vulvar cancer

Amni/o

Amnion (fetal membrane) (Word Part)

Fet/o

Fetus (Word Part)

Nat/i

Birth (Word Part)

Par/o

To bear offspring (Word Part)

-para

A woman who has given birth (suffix)

Ectopic pregnancy

Pregnancy where the embryo has implanted outside the uterus

Neonate

The term for a newborn up to 6 weeks of age. This period of time is known as the neonatal period

Obstetrics

The branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth. The specialist is a obstetrician

Gestation

Another word for pregnancy

Nullipara

A woman who has never had a birth. Unipara 1, Secundipara 2, Tripara 3

Primigravida

Also called Gravida 1. A woman who is pregnant for the first time. Gravida 2, Gravida 3 are the next numbers

Cesarean Section

Surgical removal of the fetus from the uterus

Cephalic presentation

The most common type of presentation where the head is presented towards the cervical opening

Breech presentation

The type of presentation where the buttocks, knees, or feet are presented

Shoulder presentation

The type of presentation where the long axis of the baby’s body is across the long axis of the mother’s body, and the shoulder is presented at the cervical opening

Trimester

3 month period of pregnancy

Abruptio placentae

Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20 or more weeks of gestation or during labor; often results in pain and severe hemorrhage

Amniocentesis

Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid. The material that is removed can be studied to detect genetic disorders or other abnormalities

Amniotomy

Surgical rupture of the fetal membranes, performed to induce or expedite labor

Chorionic villus sampling

Sampling of the placental tissue for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

Down syndrome

Congenital condition characterized by mild to severe cognitive impairment and caused by an abnormality, usually the presence of three of chromosome 21, rather than the expected pair

Episiotomy

Surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Anemia of newborns characterized by premature destruction of red blood cells and resulting from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility

Placenta previa

Abnormal implantation of the placenta in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix

Areola

The circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple

Lumpectomy

Removal of a lump or tumor for treatment of breast cancer

Mastectomy

Surgical removal of the breast

Mastalgia

Painful breast

Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast

Mastoptosis

Sagging breasts

Mastopexy

A surgical procedure to lift the breasts

Mammoplasty

Plastic surgery to increase the size of the female breast

Prepuce

Loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis