National 5 Physics - Properties of Matter

Temperature

a measure of the mean kinetic energy (speed) of the particles in a substance

Specific heat capacity

the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C (1 K). E_h=cm∆T

Specific latent heat of fusion

the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid without changing the temperature

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas without changing the temperature

Pressure

force per unit of area.

Kinetic model

describes the properties of gases in terms of the movement of particles

Kelvin

temperature scale used to measure the temperature of gases, beginning at absolute zero

Absolute zero

the temperature at which all particle motion stops

Pressure-Volume Law (Boyle's Law)

the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume.

Pressure-Temperature Law (Gay Lussac's Law)

the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

Volume-Temperature Law (Charles' Law)

the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

Energy

the ability to do work

Conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes

gravitational potential energy

Potential energy that depends on the height of an object

kinetic energy

energy of motion

Gravitational Potential Energy Equation

Kinetic Energy Equation

Kinetic model of gases

Describes the random motion of the particles in a gas. These particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container, therefore exerting a pressure on the container walls.

work

force x distance

Celsius

Metric unit for measuring temperature; On this scale water freezes at zero and boils at 100.