Social Studies Final

BCE

Before the Common Era

CE

Common Era

Primary Source

An original first hand direct piece of evidence

Secondary Source

Information that is interpreted

Coordinates

Latitude and Longitude

Grabber

Sentence(s) that pull the reader’s attention

Background Information

A least 3 sentences of content from the background essay

Analytical Statement

The question to be answered which tells you which side the writer is going to debate

Thesis

The point you are trying to prove

Road Map

3 supporting points to support the thesis which are usually turned into body paragraphs

Indus River

Located in the Himalayan mountains

Empties into the Arabian Sea

Himalayas

The highest mountain range

Separates the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia

Huang He River

The Yellow River

Its nickname is “China’s Sorrow“

Yangtze River

Longest river in China

Chang Jiang

Aegean Sea

The sea in between Greece and Troy

Tiber River

Source is in the Apennines

River in central Italy

Freshwater source

The Rubicon

A shallow river in northeastern Italy

Mediterranean Sea

The sea below Greece

Aborigines

The indigenous people of Australia

Maori

The indigenous people of New Zealand

Harappan Civilization

Two cities (Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro)

Harappa: found in northern Pakistan

Mohenjo-Daro: found in southern Pakistan

Plebeians

90% of Rome’s population

Artisans, shopkeepers, and farm owners

Patricians

10% of Rome’s population

Wealthiest group of citizens

Owned majority of the land

Asoka

The greatest king of the Mauryan Empire

First Buddhist king

Ruthless or Enlightened

Qin Shihuangdi

Emperor who united China

His rules were strict (legalism)

Made a strong government

Liu Bang

Founder of the Han Dynasty

Divided the empire into provinces and countries

Han Wudi

Emperor during the Han Dynasty

Had people take a test to get a job in the government

Han Dynasty reached its peak with him

Alexander the Great

Had a powerful military

A king

Augustus

A Roman emperor

First Roman emperor

Cinncinatus

A Roman dictator

Given the power of Rome, but gave it back

Julius Caesar

Military leader

One of the richest men in Rome

Constantine

First Roman emperor to convert Christianity

Hannibal

Carthage’s greatest general

Used elephants in battle

Great strategy in battle

Spartacus

A gladiator (soldier) who was an escaped slave leader

Confucius

Founder of Confucianism

Wanted to end China’s problems

A great thinker, philosopher, and teacher

Laozi

Founder of Daoism which is that people should give up their desires for nature and the dao

A philosopher

Hanfeizi

The philosopher who founded Legalism

Believed society needs a system of harsh laws and strict punishment

Socrates

An ancient Greek philosopher

Aristotle

An ancient Greek philosopher

Plato

An ancient Greek philosopher of classical Athens

Monotheism

The belief in one god

Polytheism

The belief in many gods

Sanskrit

A written language developed in India by the Aryans

Hinduism

One of the oldest religions in the world

Grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India

Brahman

The universal spirit

Symbolized by a lotus flower

Siddhartha Gautama

Left his wealth to study with priests and find enlightenment

Founder of Buddhism

Buddhism

The Buddha taught that the way to find the truth was to give up all desires

Nirvana

A state of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirth (in Buddhism)

Shinto

A religion that originated in Japan

Zeus

King of the gods

God of the sky and thunder

Symbols being thunderbolt, eagle

Poseidon

God of the sea

Symbols being trident

Hades

God of the underworld

Symbols being fire, Cerberus, helmet of invisibility

Hera

Queen of the gods

Goddess of Marriage

Symbols being peacock, pomegranate

Athena

Goddess of wisdom and warfare

Symbols being owl, spears, olive

Protector of Athens

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty

Symbols being pearl, rose, heart, swan, dove