Cardiovascular System

What are the three components of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Muscular pump that propels blood

Heart

Tubes that transport the blood

Blood vessels

Fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Blood

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Transport, regulation, protection

Where is the heart located?

Thoracic cavity

Inner layer of the heart

Endocardium

Middle layer of the heart; responsible for contraction of the

Myocardium

Outer layer of the heart; also known as visceral pericardium

Epicardium

Protective sac surrounding the heart

Pericardium

Tough connective tissue; anchors heart in place

Fibrous pericardium

Between pericardial cavity; reduces friction during heartbeats

Pericardial fluid

Is the right side of the heart oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Deoxygenated

Is the left side of the heart oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Oxygenated

Receives deoxygenated blood from cranial and caudal vena cava and coronary sinus

Right Atrium

Pumps blood to lungs via the pulmonary artery

Right ventricle

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins

Left Atrium

Pumps blood into aorta; supplies entire body

Left ventricle

What chamber of the heart is the thickest?

Left ventricle

Ensure one way blood flow

Heart valves

What are the two types of atrioventricular valves?

Tricuspid and Mitral

Prevent valves from prolapsing during ventricular contraction

Atrioventricular valves

Prevent backflow into ventricles

Semilunar valves

What are the two types of semilunar valves?

Pulmonary and Aortic

Function is to oxygenate blood

Pulmonary circulation

Function is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues

Systemic circulation

Carries blood away from the heart

Arteries

Thick muscular walls, high pressure, elastic tissue

Arteries

Delivers oxygenated blood to tissues

Arteries

What are the major arteries?

Aorta, carotid artery, femoral artery

Carries blood toward the heart

Veins

Thinner walls, lower pressure, often contains valves

Veins

Delivers deoxygenated blood to the heart

Vein

What are some important veins

Cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, jugular vein

Smallest blood vessels

Capillaries

Single layer of endothelial vessels

Capillaries

Exchange gases, nutrient delivery, and waste removal

Capillaries

Processes include diffusion, filtration, and osmosis

Capillaries

Refers to one complete heartbeart

Cardiac cycle

Heart relaxation phase

Diastole

Heart contraction phase

Systole

Specialized electrical system that controls the heartbeat

Sinoatrial node

Called the natural pacemaker of the heart

Sinoatrial node

Receives signals from the sinoatrial node

Atrioventicular

Conducts impulses from AV nodes to ventricles

Bundle of His

Specialized fibers that distribute electrical signals through ventricular myocardium

Purkinje Fibers

Force of blood against the vessel wall

Blood pressure

Pressure during ventricular contraction

Systolic pressure

Pressure during relaxation of the heart

Diastolic pressure